[音乐] 她，一位无需介绍的男人，不过，呃，欢迎，感谢你来到这里。你在《Vanity Fair》新建制榜单上排名第 1，这是你获得过的最高荣誉吗？当然。没错，诺贝尔奖正在公布，你明天会发布一项消息，后天是诺贝尔奖，所以如果、如果你 3 个都拿到，那就是了不起的三连胜。让我们谈谈你明天的发布。好。你要发布什么？很高兴你问了，嗯，好吧，呃，我、我想我也许可以透露，呃，1 条线索，那就是其中 1 件东西其实已经在那里了，嗯，而人们没有意识到。所以我们只需要把它打开。好。哇，酷。而且它会成为一款新车的一部分。好吧。我以前是记者，我以前很擅长这个，嗯。是啊，我、我，它，嗯，它会是、它会是一种不同的

它会和现在的不同，呃，我所发布的某个部分会与过去的东西不同，显然这是一项发布，嗯，但，呃，我不能说。它、它是，我们不会谈论 Model 3，嗯，或者 Model X。Model 3 会是那款 35,000 美元的，呃，电动汽车。你要谈论的是某个标为 D 的东西。是的，D，然后还有另一个东西，它，嗯，其实我本来会说出另一个东西，只不过那样就太明显了，所以我才没说。现在我不能说那个字母是什么，因为……好吧。那 d 代表什么？嗯，我认为互联网非常擅长猜这些东西，所以他们、他们在方向上理解了，它、它在方向上是正确的，但，嗯，其量级，呃，没有得到充分认识

还没有，而且那个别的东西的量级也是。是的，嗯，那才是真正大的那个，那个别的东西。我算是因为它给自己惹了麻烦，因为我，你知道，我们、我们有 Model S 和 X，然后只是为了好玩，我们试着给 Model E 注册商标，嗯，然后、然后福特起诉了我们，嗯，或者说他们说要起诉我们，所以我们不得不把它改成 Model 3，于是就是 s3x，你知道，嗯，完全不同，呃，而且，嗯，呃，所以我算是，我想，当我说我们即将揭晓 D 和另一个东西时，那就是，呃，我算是在这件事上自掘坟墓了。是啊，是啊。好吧，我们很期待。你究竟为什么要做这件事？我是说，是什么驱使你制造一款电动专用汽车？我认为，加速可持续交通未来的到来很重要

所以，我们越早转向电动汽车越好，而不是越晚，嗯，然后我们就能摆脱燃烧石油，当然这需要与可持续的发电方式相配合，嗯，这就是 SolarCity 发挥作用的地方，而且，嗯，但为了让我们、为了让人类在本世纪拥有一个美好的未来，我们必须找到一种以可持续方式生产和消耗，嗯，能源的方法，而，呃，这就是 Tesla 和 SolarCity 正试图在这方面提供帮助的事情，嗯。所以那、那其实就是它的目的。并不是、并不是说我认为我们需要另一家汽车公司，呃，已经有很多，你知道，优秀的汽车公司，这是个竞争非常激烈的行业，嗯，但、但我们确实需要证明，电动汽车可以比汽油

汽车更好，否则人们会继续购买汽油车。当你说更好时，呃，我要把你推回你不想谈的地方，也就是你要发布的东西。更好意味着它会比汽油车更快、更强，而我们认为电动汽车不可能做到。是的，嗯，会更大、更快。哦，酷，嗯。是啊。我能要 1 辆吗？我等不及那段引文传出去了。是的，即将揭晓 D，它更大、更快。是啊，我知道，今天卡拉·斯威舍已经开了很多玩笑。是啊，我知道，我们必须避开一个名叫 All Things D 的大会，你知道。是啊，嗯，呃，你为什么放弃或者开放知识产权？哦，嗯，那个话头。是啊，是啊。我们算是把专利开源了，以加速电动

汽车的到来，这是主要原因。我想人们认为，嗯，也许其中存在某种竞争方面的原因，或者、或者、或者说这会，嗯，以某种方式帮助 Tesla，你知道，因为，嗯，会有更多人进入电动汽车领域，而这会以某种方式成为，你知道，水涨船高，但实际上我认为、我认为开放专利确实会略微削弱我们的竞争，呃，地位，嗯，总体而言。但我、我希望它能产生足够的善意，以抵消那种，呃，竞争力受损。不过，嗯，我的意思是，至少就个人而言，我得出的结论是，专利有点像购买一张通往诉讼的彩票，嗯，你知道，所以你为什么会想那么做，嗯。是什么驱使你进入电动汽车我们的业务？真的是为了

地球的可持续性，还是仅仅出于对这一切的求知欲？其实，如果、如果、如果你回到，比如说我最初思考电动汽车的时候，那是在大学，嗯，而更多确实是从这样一个角度出发，呃，我们需要过渡到某种，呃，可持续的交通方式，不论是否存在环境影响，因为如果、如果我们燃烧石油，你知道，用来移动，而那不是一种可再生资源，那么，嗯，不论有无任何环境影响，我们都必须找到某种替代品，否则就会发生经济崩溃，嗯。所以，文明会、会算是崩塌，因为我们必须，或者倒退，你知道。所以，所以那、那其实是我最初对此非常感兴趣的原因，只是因为它是、它，我的意思是，我认为你

知道，从物理学角度来看，采用电动机显然确实是正确的道路。我的意思是，老实说，做别的事情有点疯狂，嗯。而且、而且后来环境问题随时间推移变得越来越重要，并且变得、变得显而易见，环境影响相当重大，因为我们正在把如此多的碳排入大气，以至于我们从根本上改变了、改变了地球大气的化学组成，然后、而且、而且也改变了海洋，因为、因为 CO2 会被，呃，吸收到、吸收到水中，并产生碳酸。所以，嗯，如果、如果我们不采取纠正行动，呃，我们，那、那场灾难的概率会随时间推移而增加，最终灾难性结果几乎肯定会发生。而且我们花在完成

那场转型，坏事发生的概率就越大，嗯，而且，呃，所以你知道，因此当我想到 Tesla 时，Tesla 能实现的根本益处是什么？那会是加速电动汽车的到来，也许是，你知道，幸运的话加速 10 年左右，因为不管怎样它都会发生，独立地得到了，即使 Tesla 不、不在。所以我会说，那是一项真正根本性的益处。而既然我们在制造汽车，我的意思是，看来我们应该努力制造真正优秀的汽车，嗯，而且，呃，而且你知道，也许让购买、购买体验愉快得多。有一句彼得·蒂尔的话，你知道，是关于你的：我们曾被许诺会有飞行汽车，得到的却是 140 个字符。呃，你认为其他创新者，那些不像

你这样的人，并没有真正把目标定得像他们应有的那么高吗？当你做从，你知道，太空发射到电动汽车之类的事情时，你认为应该有飞行汽车吗？嗯，对。好吧，对。我是不是漏掉了什么？嗯，天哪，我觉得那会很有趣，你不觉得吗？我不确定。我的意思是，我觉得，我觉得应该有垂直接管着陆的超音速空中运输。对，那，那显然应该如此。我们30年前有过，而现在没有了。意思是 suic，当然。对，不，这有点像是大型事物的创新实际上已经放缓了。看起来是这样，是真的吗？我认为，每当你有一个处于垄断或双头垄断地位的大型行业，推动创新的强制力量就很弱，因为，呃，创新往往来自一个行业的新进入者，而如果这些

壁垒就像Tesla进入汽车模式那样。对，对。嗯，当进入需要跨越巨大的资本壁垒时，新进入者就很难进入那个，那个行业。这就像身处一片巨型红杉林中。嗯，而在那种，那种情况下，创新是，是很弱的，因为如果你算是，我觉得这相当容易理解，因为假如你是，比如说，那家公司的高级主管，或者假设是首席执行官，嗯，如果你做一些渐进式的事情，呃，你非常不可能被解雇。嗯，如果你做一些大胆的事情，而结果没成功，你非常可能被解雇。嗯，所以这样一来，他们就做渐进式的事情。你刚才提到，呃，环境可持续性问题，那是你担忧的一件真正的大事。你担忧的另一件大事是

某种意义上机器失去控制。解释一下那个，或者人工智能奇点。对，我觉得大多数人并不了解机器智能进步得有多快。它比几乎任何人意识到的都快得多，即使在硅谷内部也是如此，当然硅谷之外的人更是完全不知道。嗯，那么那为什么危险？我的意思是，如果，如果存在一个超级智能，尤其是如果它参与递归式自我改进，如果存在某种数字超级智能，嗯，而它的优化函数或效用函数，嗯，是某种对人类有害的东西，那么它就会产生非常恶劣的影响。嗯，你知道，它可能只是在做类似清除垃圾邮件之类的事情，然后它就，像是，得出结论，好吧

清除R垃圾邮件的最佳方式就是清除人类，你知道。不过，呃，我们为什么会失去垃圾邮件的sour？我，我知道我们都看过2001里的Cal，但我们为什么会失去对机器的控制？没有数据点表明我们与机器的连接曾经有所松动。呃，实际上，我认为该做的是把数字智能随时间的发展绘制出来，然后，再或许进行曲线拟合或外推这种发展，呃，看看它会通向哪里。嗯，但你说的是不仅拥有智能，而且具有意向性的机器，对吗？它们拥有其效用函数的意向，嗯，而那是我们编程设定的，对吧？是的。好吧，但它可能产生非预期的后果。嗯，这是否在，呃，推动——无意双关——你的，呃，

火星任务构想？不，我觉得这完全是，更有可能的是，如果，如果出现某种数字超级智能末日场景，嗯，它很可能会跟随人类前往火星。嗯，倒也不一定，因为，因为那个效用函数，如果它只是拥有一个被任意限定在地球上的效用函数，那它这样做也完全没问题。我的意思是，这个，嗯，就像它只是，它是一个——那么，是什么，呃，我们来谈谈火星任务吧，为什么你觉得那是我们应该追求的目标？我认为 M 的原因，有，有2个主要的 Ms 原因，或者说成为多行星的存在。嗯，我认为一个，一个是防御方面的原因，它是整个生命的生命保险。嗯，而拥有那个，那个是有一定价值的。嗯，你知道，就一个很小的百分比而言

拿出我们经济产出的，比如说0.5%，甚至可能更少的经济产出，来确保、确保我们所知、所知的意识之光传播到未来，嗯，延续更长得多的一段时间，嗯，而且，呃，你知道，所以这就是那个、那个防御性的理由，嗯，而且、而且这是45亿年来，自地球，你知道，最初形成以来，生命第1次有可能迁移到另一个行星，成为多行星物种，嗯，而这个窗口可能会开放很长时间，也可能只开放很短时间。我实际上是个相当乐观的人，嗯，所以我希望它会开放很长时间，但也许它只会开放很短时间，在这种情况下，我们现在就应该采取行动，并且、并且不要拖延，嗯，嗯，你已经

一直是科幻书迷，呃，它们真的影响过你吗？当然。我，我只想说另一个原因，就火星而言，实际上对我个人更有激励作用，那就是，嗯，这将会是有史以来最伟大的冒险，呃，而且非常令人兴奋。我认为生活中需要令人兴奋、鼓舞人心的事，不能只是为了解决某个糟糕的问题。嗯，必须得有一些早晨起床的理由。我刚才谈到你读过的书和科幻作品。我注意到你是个科幻 F。你觉得也许自己读了太多科幻小说吗？也许吧，那当然、当然有可能。嗯，所以，这个，这个，呃，是的，我是说，就目前而言，我认为在 SpaceX 这边，我们取得了渐进式的

但不是革命性的进展。我们希望在未来几年取得革命性的进展。嗯，但我们力求实现的关键突破是，或者说他们力求实现的是，让火箭助推器能够返回并着陆，然后能够再次飞行。为什么这很重要？因为我们以前不是这么做的，对吧？是的，到目前为止一直是一次性火箭，实际上航天飞机除外，它有一部分可以重复使用。嗯，但它要翻修到能够飞行极其困难。你需要10,000个人工作9个月来翻修这架 SP 航天飞机。嗯，所以我们真正需要的是，呃，快速且完全的可重复使用性，呃，就像飞机或汽车，或者其实除了火箭之外的任何交通方式，都是，嗯，可重复使用的。你知道，马、自行车，你

几乎可以想到任何东西。嗯，但想象一下，如果那种交通方式不能重复使用——对马来说会非常不幸。嗯，而且，但是，就连汽车也是，如果一辆车只能用一次，嗯，而且每次出行都必须买一辆新车，odsa，你就不会买很多车。嗯，因为那会非常昂贵。所以，可重复使用性实质上，呃，为把太空飞行成本降至原来的1/100或更低打开了大门。而且，呃，如果你，呃，做这件事，其中会有多少以某种方式由政府资助？你不是与政府签了很多合同吗？是的，一开始没有政府。嗯，我完全用 PayPal 的收益资助了 SpaceX。嗯，呃，而且，但是，而且我们在创办公司大约5或6年后拿到了 off S 第一份政府合同

，合同来自 NASA。嗯，而且，嗯，但我应该说，NASA 的项目也许占我们飞行任务的四分之一，呃，34s 是商业任务。但我们在这个国家开展创新的方式，尤其是从第二次世界大战开始，一直都是政府、私营企业和大学的结合，而这种结合现在已经消散了。政府没有开展那么多基础研究。你认为这会成为美国的一个问题吗？嗯，呃，我，我认为，我认为它在很大程度上支配着我们。嗯，我并不完全确定我们目前的基础研究数字是否合适。我是说，我支持研究，所以我可能，我会赞成在、在这方面投入更多资金，全部把更多资源、资源分配给、给、给基础研究。嗯，但，嗯，但我认为政府正在做

正在做相当多的事情。我是说，NASA 正在做、做很多事情。我们显然有火星上的探测车。嗯，我们有 Hub 之类的东西，比如哈勃望远镜、即将问世的詹姆斯·韦布望远镜，呃，还有行星探测器，呃，以及不断发射的地球科学任务。所以 NASA 实际上正在做、做相当多的事情。除了电动汽车、太空飞行之类的，还有哪些大事，呃，是你梦想实现的？嗯，我想显然是脸和汽车，很多。嗯，我们已经排除了飞行汽车，所以——好吧，我不是，我是说，我，我，我对飞行汽车不确定。我不，那不是说我不认为应该有飞行汽车。我的意思是，但如果天空中到处都是飞来飞去的汽车，而且那会，你，它会影响这里、影响事物的外观，会影响天际线，而且，呃

会更吵。嗯，而且会有更大的概率，有东西掉到你头上。是的，对。嗯，很有说服力的理由。你知道，那些、那些都不是好事。另一方面，嗯，你可以更快地从一个地方到另一个地方。但实际上我认为，至少对于——如果你消除城市中的阻塞点，那么阻塞点之外其实没有那么多车流。所以你看看郊区街道之类的地方，不会看到很多，呃，我是说，你不会，交通不会、不会把一切堵住。嗯，真正的问题是在高速公路和主要干道上，这是因为这些、这些、这些城市的发展规模远远超过了主要的 a。那么我们要怎么解决？隧道。隧道。自动驾驶汽车呢，会有帮助吗？那当然会有帮助。

是啊，我要开放提问了，但趁他们把灯打开时，我还有一个无关紧要的问题。今天到目前为止，每个人都在大肆宣扬自己多么喜欢 HBO 的剧集《硅谷》，而你说过一些它的坏话。你为什么不喜欢、喜欢它？嗯，首先我，我应该说，我是说，那篇报道不太准确，就是写出来的那篇。那只是一篇报道，而它就是、它就是一篇不准确的报道。嗯，所以我，这个，我，我，我觉得它还可以。嗯，但是，我认为，像迈克·乔吉把《Office Base》拍得非常出色，那是我有史以来最喜欢的电影之一。嗯，而且他可能就在这里，所以客气点。很好，他几分钟前还在这里。没问题。嗯，不管怎样，所以，所以像《Office Space》这样的电影真的精准地捕捉到了。嗯，我认为《硅谷》这部剧不太

精准地捕捉到了。它不，它不太，它不太准确。呃，所以这就是，你知道，那就是我对它的不满。在我看来，它没有，它没有完全弄对。但我听说后面的剧集更好。我看了前2集。所以，是的。加州大学伯克利分校。嗨，嗯，我以前从事大型可再生能源工作，主要是太阳能。我想问，鉴于电池专利的全部、全部公开，以及，以及，以及，以及像 SolarCity 这类小型可再生能源的所有知识，是否，呃，是否，嗯，会出现类似大型可再生能源储能的东西，来自 Tesla 的所有电池，呃，专利？Tesla 要做固定式储能，你知道，而且会以非常大规模的方式去做，因为将电池组与

太阳能，而且，而且对于风能来说，这一点甚至更重要。呃，所以通过，通过我们正在内华达州建造的超级工厂，我们将在电池方面创造，呃，许多，好吧，可能每年数十吉瓦时的固定式储能。呃，所以，是的，曙光肯定会到来。嗨，我叫 Tina，我是来自中国的 Mar。所以我的问题与中国市场有关。从你的角度看，你会如何预测中国对电动汽车的需求，以及 Tesla 来年的战略是什么？呃，是的，当然。我认为中国那边的情况似乎进展得，你知道，相当不错。我们得到了非常热烈的反响，而且，嗯，是的，我认为，我认为从长期来看，中国似乎很可能会成为 Tesla 最大的市场。嗯，所以，呃，是的，我真的、真的

对那边的情况感到乐观。它会比北美更大吗？似乎很可能，嗯，它，你知道，从长期来看，它很可能会比北美更大，是的。那里的政府法规和本地竞争对手又怎么样？嗯，政府一直相当不错。我的意思是，确实，嗯，就激励机制而言，它确实更有利于本地生产，但总体而言，嗯，你知道，我，我认为这并没有成为太、太大的问题。嗯，到目前为止，政府一直、一直很棒。是的，谢谢。呃，嗨，我是 Manu，我是斯坦福大学的 sophore，而且，呃，你所有的工作都是在以最快、最环保的，呃，方式，把，呃，人们从 A 地带到 B 地。还有另一种研究正在进行

在硅谷，人们试图完全避免交通出行。我们称之为虚拟现实，对吧？所以我可以待在我的 dor 里，通过我的 Oculus Rift 看到你讲话，并拥有和我此刻在这里同等程度的接触，对吧？不必乘坐 calra、Tesla，甚至未来的 SpaceX 火箭。呃，你认为虚拟现实将如何与未来你正在研究的交通方式结合？谢谢。嗯，也许我们现在就身处一个模拟之中。对，对，对。[笑声]说真的，嗯，有些时候感觉是这样。嗯，是的，我是说，我认为，根据我听说的关于 IUS Rift 以及其他一些沉浸式技术的情况，它会非常具有变革性。呃，你真的会感觉自己就在那里。嗯，然后，当你从中出来时，会觉得现实并不

真实的，嗯，所以我认为，由于虚拟现实这些东西，未来我们可能会看到更少的实体移动，嗯，是的，而当我们从现在所在的这里出来，进入这个虚拟现实时，我们会认为它是真实的。我是说，这就像，嗯，我是说，虚拟现实方面有一些有趣的事情，嗯，我是说，就模拟这个整体概念而言，也就是说，如果，如果你只是，如果你推演到未来，然后说，好吧，假设从现在起100年、200年或1,000年后，如果持续改进，电子游戏会有多好，嗯，而且你知道，你穿着全身触觉服，拥有某种环绕视觉，而且你知道，你，它，它会变得超过某个分辨率之后便与现实无法区分，嗯，如果，而且还会

很可能会有，很可能会有数百万个，也许，也许数十亿个这样的模拟，那么，我们实际上处于基础现实中的概率是多少？难道不是数十亿分之一吗？是吗？我是说，我可以提出反驳观点，但我更希望由你提出反驳观点。呃，显然，这感觉是真实的，但是，但是它，它，它可能，我是说，它似乎不太可能是真实的。呃，我叫丹妮尔，我是一名建筑师，呃，来自帕洛阿尔托。我刚刚完成了一栋净零能耗被动式住宅，现在是斯坦福商学院的一名研究员。我正在和一群学生做一个项目，旨在，嗯，想出最具创新性的方法来解决城市中的重大问题，我们已经把底特律确定为首要目标。2个问题，呃，你如何看待全市范围的创新，嗯，还有，既然女性

别像我们被教导的那样去问。我想问，你愿意来斯坦福，把 M storm 带来和我们一起做这件事吗？嗯，这听起来可能很 Tri，但我，我认为，我真心认为隧道应该得到更多重视。嗯，所以，我的意思是，如果你看一座城市，你会看到，你看，我可以……你有所有这些公寓楼和办公楼，而且它们有很多层，比如，你知道，曼哈顿的楼平均大概有，我不知道，像 30 层左右吧，但接着你只有一条只有 1 层的街道。这是个显而易见的问题，比如比例是 30 比 1，你知道，所以你应该有多层高速公路。对，在地下层层叠起来。对，而且你可以让隧道……隧道不必顺着建筑物走，它们……

可以，它们可以，它们可以斜着穿过地下室。对，对，而且你想要多少层都可以。嗯，所以真正的问题只是修建隧道的成本。嗯，而且，嗯，但说真的，隧道就是地下的一个洞，真能有多难呢？我的意思是，就是这样。所以看起来，如果某个 Ur 投入精力修建隧道，你知道，实际上会给世界各地的城市带来变革。嗯，我当然会考虑过来做一场演讲。我的意思是，我每周都在帕洛阿尔托，所以当然愿意考虑，没问题。嗯，除了，你知道，隧道、超级高铁之外，还有哪些事情？你谈过其他一些宏大的愿景，它们可以改变日常的、我们称为现实的东西，我暂且假定那就是现实。嗯，对，我的意思是，在城市内部……

大致就是隧道、隧道，还有隧道和管道。呃，我的意思是，对于长途旅行，我确实认为垂直 tequ 着陆式电动超音速飞机才是正确方向。嗯，而且，嗯，我认为这非常可行。呃，所以那、那、那将是长途 transation 的正确方式，比如，如果、如果你的行程超过大约 500 英里，因为那样你就能实现任意地点到任意地点，呃，你解决了长途旅行中任意地点到任意地点的问题。对于较短的距离，因为你要付出爬升时间和下降时间的代价，呃，在 500 英里以下，嗯，飞机就没那么好了。嗯，所以，嗯，这就是为什么我认为，某种抽空的、抽成真空的管道，是、是更好的出行方式。什么是抽成真空的管道？嗯，你知道，就是某种降低了空气密度的东西……

所以阻力会大幅降低，那就像是你被、被传送到了高空，对吧？嗯，而且你可以增长得快得多。嗯，并且不必面对爬升和下降的问题。嗨，我是劳伦斯，我是斯坦福大学大二学生，经营着一家音乐初创公司。嗯，我们都知道你有各种非常疯狂的想法，我是从最好的意义上说的。呃，但你是怎么想出那些点子的？能不能多讲讲你的创意过程？还有，呃，一旦你有了那些很棒的想法，如果你的财务资源非常少、非常有限，你会怎样着手，呃，把那些真正雄心勃勃的想法资本化？嗯，我认为，软件或者任何只涉及，呃，智力资本的东西，它的优点在于，那是由你和你的朋友构成的资本，你和……

几个朋友，就可以直接去做。所以，这就是为什么，你知道，做某种互联网项目或软件项目，是、是最适合最初创办的，嗯，公司。这就是为什么会有 Zip2 和 PayPal，它们、它们给了我资本，让我可以尝试资本密集度更高的活动。嗯，至于想法是怎么产生的，我认为，嗯，我往往会从某种物理学视角来思考事情，比如从第一性原理出发，完成某件事的最佳方式是什么，嗯，然后沿着这个方向推进。嗯，所以，这也是判断某件事是否、是否远未达到最优状态的好方法。嗯，而且，嗯，比如拿、拿火箭来说，嗯，有人可能会说，哦，你知道，你可以通过类比来推理，说火箭会花费某个金额，因为……

以前的火箭就是花这么多钱；或者你可以问，好吧，火箭是由什么制成的，材料组成是什么，那些 M 是什么，它们有多重，单位质量的成本是多少，而那、那会以 ASM totically 的方式限定一枚火箭能是什么。所以，如果你能想出某种有创意的办法，把这些元素重新排列成火箭的形状，那么你就能，呃，取得好得多的结果。这就是第一性原理方法。嗯，我还认为，把，嗯，不同行业的想法结合起来，对创新确实很有帮助。所以，你……人们在一个行业里发现了什么，而它能不能应用到其他行业？那，嗯，我认为也是一个很好的想法来源。嗯，但、但通常你就是苦苦寻找一个解决方案，然后，嗯，你尝试、尝试很多东西……

其中有些行不通，有些则……而且其中大多数都行不通，偶尔会有一个奏效。你提到了 PayPal 这家初创公司，它是一项了不起的创新，某种程度上改变了我们的支付方式。在我看来，这个领域后来并没有出现本应有的那么多创新，比特币除外。换句话说，快速转账，尤其是给你不认识的人转账之类的，呃，对我来说，也许我错了，要比它看起来本应有的困难得多。你是否对 PayPal 后来的发展方式有些失望？或者，你是否对数字货币及、及，嗯，相关环境缺乏创新感到失望？对，Pap 确实，我的意思是，自从它在某种程度上，嗯，被 eBay 收购以后，就没有太大进展。

嗯，我对 PayPal 的长期愿景，或者说对、对、对、对某种金融领域的愿景，是要、要、要……好吧，这听起来有点奇怪，就是要、要把金融系统从一系列异构的、呃、不安全的数据库，转变为一个数据库；或者，好吧，不是一个数据库，但也许还会有几个。嗯，货币只是数据库里的一个数字，它就是如此。嗯，而且它主要是一种用于劳动力分配的信息机制，而目前的数据库效率不高，比如，它们，你知道，是这些旧式遗留大型机，彼此之间无法很好地通信，具备 post 安全性，而且，呃，只做它们的……并且每天做 1 次 bash 处理。你高兴 PayPal 被拆分出来吗？这可能是正确的做法。那你会怎么经营它？嗯……

我想，我想我会把它转变成一家更全面的全方位服务金融机构。所以你只要……你、你想做，嗯，消费者想要的所有事情，你想把某个人需要的所有金融服务都放在一个地方，无缝整合在一起，而且易于使用。嗯，而且我认为要真正、真正关心消费者。我觉得很多银行似乎并不那么关心客户。所以，嗯，我、我认为这里有机会实际上成为一家非常好的银行，但、但、但远远超出人们对它的理解。你认为比特币会以这种方式带来颠覆吗？我的意思是，现在它是一种投机性货币，它会成为普通消费者会使用的东西，并颠覆银行业吗？我对 B point 的看法是，我的意思是，我……

认为比特币可能是件好事。嗯，但它、它本质上，呃，它的主要作用会是……我这话可能会被到处引用，但它、它、它是、我认为它主要会成为进行非法交易的一种手段。嗯，但那未必完全是坏事，因为，你知道，你知道，有些事情也许应该、也许不应该是非法的。呃，所以，嗯，但丝绸之路和比特币的结合会拯救我们。嗯，它会被用于、用于合法和非法交易，否则它就没有用于、用于合法交易的价值，因为你必须有一座从合法到非法的桥梁。对。嗯，顺便说一下，我不持有任何比特币。我们，呃，我让您说最后一句，先生。我保证会很快。你……来自 Tom Reuters 的 Bob Shiky。印度刚刚发射……

了一个，呃，火星任务，用 7500 万美元把那个东西送了过去。它像 Astro Teller 所说的那样是个奇迹吗？还是印度航天业存在某种根本性的因素，使他们能如此低成本地完成这样的任务？如果是这样，有没有什么是我们可以借鉴和学习的？我认为这是一次非常令人印象深刻的任务。嗯，考虑到它是由，嗯，一个政府实体执行的，那真是非常、非常令人印象深刻。嗯，我的意思是，无论由谁来做都令人印象深刻，但从 c 的角度来说，这很令人印象深刻，因为它是由一个政府实体完成的。嗯，最终，我们必须能够以远低于这个水平的成本执行火星任务。嗯，否则就不可能在火星上建立一个能够自我维持的文明。嗯，你……因为我们将不得不运送数百万吨……

货物、数百万人。嗯，而且移居火星的成本必须是人们负担得起的，否则人们就无法前往。呃，所以最终必须从那个水平下降几个数量级。低于 100 万，低于 100 万美元，那就是几个数量级。我会说远低于 100 万。对。埃隆·马斯克，伟大的创新者，非常感谢你，祝你明天好运。我们会、会、会留意看看，明天你宣布时，究竟是什么一直就在我们眼皮底下。先生。好的，谢谢。[音乐]

[Music] she a man who needs no introduction but uh welcome thanks for being here number one on the Vanity Fair New establishment list is that the highest honor you've ever had of course that's right the nobels are announced you're doing an announcement tomorrow and the next day is a Nobel Prize so if if you get all three that's a great Trifecta let's talk about your announcement tomorrow yeah what is it you're going to announce I'm glad you asked um well uh I I think I can give maybe uh one clue which is that one of the things is already there um and people don't realize it so we just need to turn it on yeah wow cool and it'll be part of a new car okay I used to be a journalist I used to be good at this um yeah I I it's um it'll be it'll be a different

it'll be different from the current one uh the some part of I announce will be different from things in the past obviously it's an announcement um but uh I can't say it's it's we're not going to talk about the model 3 um or the model X the model 3 would be the $35,000 uh electric vehicle you're going to talk about something that's labeled D yeah D and then there's another thing which is um actually would have said the other thing except it would have been too obvious and that's the reason I didn't say now I can't say what the letter is because okay and what does d stand for um I think the internet is very good at guessing these things so they're they understand directionally it's it's directionally correct but um the magnitude is uh not well appreciated

yet and the magnitude of the something else too yeah um that's the really big one the something else I kind of got myself in trouble by because I you know we we had the model s and the X and then just for fun we try to trademark the model e um and and then then Ford suit us um or said they were going to Su us so we had to change it to the model 3 so it's s3x you know um totally different uh and um uh so I kind of I guess when I say that that we're about to unveil the D and something else then it's uh I kind of dug my own grave on that front yeah yeah well we look forward to why in the world are you doing this I mean what's impelling you to make an electric special car I think it's important that we accelerate the Advent of a sustainable transport future

so it's it it's better if we move towards electric cars sooner rather than later um and then we can get away from burning oil and obviously that needs to be paired with sustainable generation of power um that's where solar City comes in and um but in order for us in order for Humanity to have a good future the century we have to figure out a way to sustainably produce and consume um energy and uh that's what Tesla and Solar City are trying to be helpful uh in that regard um so that's that's really the the purpose of it it's not it's not as though I think that there's a need for another car company uh there's plenty of you know good car companies very competitive industry um but but there is a need to show that electric cars can be uh better than gasoline

cars otherwise people will continue to buy gasoline cars when you say better uh I'm going to push you back to where you didn't want to go which is what you're announcing better means that it would be faster and stronger than a gas car which we think electric cars cannot be yeah um will'll be bigger and faster oh cool um yeah can I have one I can't wait for that quot to be out there yeah it's about to unveil the D it's bigger and faster yeah I know there have been a lot of jokes that Cara swisser started today that yeah I know we have to steer away conference called All Things D you know yeah um uh why did you give away or open up the intellectual property oh um the patter yeah yeah to we sort of Open Source pents in order to accelerate the Advent of electric

vehicles that's the main reason I think people think um that maybe there was some competitive reason or or or that that this would um somehow be helpful to Tesla you know because um more people would enter electric cars and somehow that would be you know Rising tide lift but actually I think I think the open sourcing of patents does slightly impair our competitive uh position um on balance but I I'm hopeful that it generates enough Goodwill to overcome that uh competitive impairment but um I mean I came to the conclusion at least on a personal level that patents were kind of like buying a lottery ticket to a lawsuit um you know and so why would you want to do that um what drove you into the electric car our business was it really sustainability for the

planet or was it just the intellectual curiosity of it all actually so if if if you go back to like when I was first thinking about electric cars was in college um and it was really more from the standpoint uh of the the need to transition to to some uh transport means that was s sustainable independent whether there was environmental impact or not because if if we're burning oil you know to move and that's not a renewable resource then um then independent of any environmental impact we must find some alternative or there will be economic collapse um so and civilization would would sort of crumble because we have to or revert you know so the so that that was actually originally why I was very interested in it is just because it's it I mean I think you

know from a physics standpoint it's really obviously the way to go is electric motors I mean kind of crazy to do something else honestly um and and then the the environmental thing grew over time and became it became evident that the environmental impact was quite significant because we're putting so much carbon into the atmosphere that were fundamentally changing the chemical makeup of of Earth's atmosphere and then and and the oceans too because because of the CO2 that gets uh absorbed into the into the water and creates carbonic acid so um if if we don't take corrective action uh we that that the probability of of a catastrophe will increase over time eventually there's like certainty of of a catastrophic outcome and the longer it takes us to to make

that transition the greater the probability of something bad happening um and uh so you know so that when I think of Tesla what's the fundamental good that Tesla can achieve it would be to accelerate the Advent of electric vehicles perhaps by you know for fortunate a decade or something like that because it it'll happen anyway independent got even Tesla was not not around so that's I would say that that's a really fundamental good and since we're making cars I mean it seems like we should try to make really good cars um and uh and you know maybe make the buying buying experience a lot more pleasant there's a Peter teal line as you know about you we were promised flying cars but we got 140 characters uh do you think that other innovators people not like

yourself aren't really shooting as high as they should be when you're doing things from you know space shots to electric cars do you think there should be flying cars um yeah okay yeah I'm am I missing something um gosh I think that would be fun don't you I'm not sure I mean I think I think there should be vertical takeover Landing supersonic Air transport yeah that that's obviously should be the case we had that 30 years ago and now we don't meaning suic sure yeah no it's kind of innovation for big things has actually slowed down it seems is that true I think whenever you have a large industry that is a monopoly or duopoly um the forcing function for Innovation is weak um because uh Innovation tends to come from new entrance to an industry and if the

barriers are like Tesla into the auto model yeah yeah um when there are huge Capital barriers to entry then it's very difficult for new entrance to enter that that industry it's like being in a forest of giant redwoods um and in that in that situation The Innovation is is weak because if you sort of it's I think it's fairly easy to understand this because if you're say the a senior executive in that company or CEO let's say um if you do something incremental uh you very unlikely to be fired um if you do something bold and it doesn't work out you're very likely to be fired um so that's then they do incremental things you mentioned a moment ago uh the environmental sustainability thing that's really big that you worry about your other big thing that you

worry about is sort of machines getting out of control explain that or the artificial intelligence Singularity yeah I don't think most people understand just how quickly machine intelligence is advancing it's much faster than almost anyone realizes even within Silicon Valley and certainly outside Silicon Valley people really have no idea um so why is that dangerous I mean if if there's if there's a super intelligent particularly if it's engaged in recursive self-improvement if there's some digital super intelligence um and its optimization or utility function um is something that's detrimental to humanity then it will have a very bad effect um you know it could be just something like getting rid of spam email or something and it's like concludes well

the best way to get R spam is to get rid of humans you know but uh why would we lose sour of spam I I know we've all watched Cal in 2001 but why would we lose control over our machines there no data point showing that that that our connection to machine has ever been loosened uh actually I think the thing to do would be to plot the progress of digital intelligence versus time and and then to to maybe curve fit or extrapolate that progress uh and see where that leads um but you're talking about machines that are not just intelligent but have intentionality is that right they have the intention of their utility function um which we programmed in right yes okay but it can have unen unintended consequences um is that uh propelling no pun intended your uh

Mars mission ideas no I think it's quite it's more likely than not that if if there's some digital super intelligence apocalypse scenario um it would probably follow people to Mars um not necessarily because because of that utility function if it simply has utility function that is arbitrarily confined to Earth it it would be totally fine doing that I mean it's this is um like it's just it's a so what what is uh let's get to the Mars mission why you feel that is something we should be aiming at I think the reason for M there there's two main reasons for Ms or becoming a multiplanetary um I think one one is the defense of reason it's life insurance for Life as a whole um and there there's some value to to having that um you know in terms of a small percentage

of our economic output like let's say half a percent or maybe even less of our economic output to ensure that that the light of Consciousness As We Know know it propagates into the future um to for a much longer period of time um and uh you know so there's that that defensive reason um and and this is the first time in 4 and a half billion years in the since Earth you know was first formed that it's been possible for life to move to another planet to become multiplanetary um and that window may be open for a long time or it may be open for a short time I'm actually quite an optimistic person um so I'm hopeing that will be open for a long time but maybe it'll be open for a short time in which case we should take action now and and not delay um um you've

been a fan of science fiction books uh have they actually influenced you sure I I'll just say The other reason which I actually find personally more motivating with respect to Mars uh which is that um it would just be the greatest Adventure uh ever um and very exciting and I think we need things in life that are exciting and inspiring it can't just be about solving some awful problem um there have to be re reasons to get up in the morning and I was talking about the books you've read and the science fiction I noticed you're a science fiction F do you think maybe you've read too much science fiction maybe have that's certainly certainly possible um so the the uh yeah I mean where we are right now is we've I think at on the SpaceX front we've made evolutionary

but not revolutionary progress we're hoping to make revolutionary progress in the coming years um but the key break that we aim for was or they were aiming for is to be able to uh have the the the rocket booster come back and land and be able to refly it again why is that important because that's not the way we've been doing it right yeah it's been Expendable Rockets up till now really except for the space shuttle was partly reusable um but but it was extremely difficult to refurbish for flight you needed 10,000 people needed to work 9 months to refurbish this SP shuttle um so what we really need is uh rapid and complete reusability uh like an aircraft or a car or really any mode of Transport is besides Rockets is um reusable you know Horse bicycle you

can think of almost anything um but imagine if that mode of Transport was not reusable very unfortunate in the case of the horse um and but but even like in cars like if you could use a car once um and you have to buy a new car every time you took a journey odsa you would not buy many cars um because it would be very expensive so reusability essentially U opens the door for reducing the cost of space flight by a factor of 100 or more and uh if you uh do this how much of it will be government funded in a way aren't you under a lot of contracts with government yeah in the beginning there was no government um I funded SpaceX uh entirely with the proceeds from PayPal um uh and but and we got off S first government contract about five or six years after starting

the company from NASA um and um but I should say about NASA's maybe a quarter of our flights uh 34s are commercial but the way we have been doing innovation in this country especially starting with world War II has always been a combination of government private Enterprise universities and that is now dissipated the government is not doing as much basic research do you think that's going to be a problem for the United States um well I I think I think it govern us quite a lot um that I'm not exactly sure whether we're at the right number for basic research I mean I'm a fan of research so i' probably I'd be in favor of spending more money on on that all allocating more resour resources to to to basic research um but um but I think the government's doing

doing quite a bit I mean NASA is doing doing a lot of things we've obviously got the The Rovers on Mars um we've got the Hub things like the Hubble telescope the upcoming James Webb Telescope uh there planetary probes uh and Earth Science missions launching all the time so NASA is doing doing quite a lot actually what other big things like electric cars space shots whatever uh do you dream of well I think it's face and cars a lot obviously um we've eliminated flying cars so well I'm not I mean I I'm I'm not sure about the flying cars I not that's not say I don't think there should be flying cars I mean but if the sky was full of cars flying all over the place and it was you it would affect how this how things look it would affect the skyline and and uh

it would be noisier um and there would be a greater probability of something falling in your head yes right um good arguments you know those are those are not good things on the other hand um that you could be able to go from one place to another faster but I think actually if at least for If you eliminate the choke points in cities then there's really not that much traffic outside of the CH points so you look at sort of in Suburban streets you don't see a lot of uh I mean you don't the traffic doesn't doesn't choke things um it's really on the highways and major arteries and it's because the the the cities grew way bigger than the major a and how would we fix that tunnels tunnels what about autonomously driving cars would that help that would help certainly

yeahh I'm going to open it up but I have one frivolous question while they bring the lights up everybody so far today has been touting how much they love Silicon Valley the HBO show and you said some bad things about it why don't you like like it um well first of all I I should say that the I mean the article was not very accurate that was written it was just one article which was it was simply not an accurate article um so I the I I I thought it was okay um the but I think like Mike Judge did an amazing job with office base like that's one of my favorite movies ever um and he may be here so be nice great he was here a few minutes ago no problem um anyway so so a movie like office space just really nailed it um I don't think Silicon Valley the show quite

Nails it it's not it's not quite it's not quite right uh so that's you know that that's my objection to it it doesn't it doesn't quite get it right in my opinion but I've heard that the later episodes are better I saw the first two so yes UC Berkeley hi um I used to work in large scale renewable energy mostly solar and I was wondering that given all the the release of the patents uh of the batteries and and and and all the knowledge on small scale Renewables like Solar City if uh if um is there uh something coming about like large renewable uh energy storage from the from all the batteries uh patents in in Tesla what Tesla is going to do a stationary storage of you know in a very large scale way because it's it's very important to pair battery packs with

solar power and and for wind it's even more important uh so with with the gigafactory that we're creating in Nevada we're going to create uh many well probably tens of gwatt hours per year of stationary storage um on the battery front so that yeah there's a light coming for sure hi my name is Tina I'm Mar from China so my questions is relevant to China Market how would you in your perspectives how would you forecast about the electric vehicles the demand in China and how's the Tesla strategies in the coming year uh yeah sure I think things seem to going you know fairly well in in China we've had a very enthusiastic response and um yeah I think I think longterm it seems likely that China would be the biggest market for Tesla um so uh yeah I'm really really

optimistic about things over there is it going to be bigger than the North America it seems likely that um it you know it would likely be bigger than North America yeah in the long term and how about the government regulations and the local competitors there um the government's been pretty good I mean there's there is certainly um in terms of the incentive structure it does favor local production but overall it's um you know I I think it's not been too too much of an issue um the government's been been great so far yeah thank you uh hi I'm Manu I'm a sophore at Stanford and U all of your work has been uh bringing uh people from Place A to B in the in the fastest and the most environmentally friendly uh manner there's also another kind of research happening

in the valley where people are trying to avoid Transportation at all we call it virtual reality right so I can be in my dor and I can see you speaking with the same level of contact on my Oculus Rift as I am here right now taking the calra or the Tesla or even a SpaceX rocket in the future uh how do you think will virtual reality tie in the future of Transportation which you are working on thank you well maybe we're in a simulation right now yeah yeah yeah [Laughter] seriously um some feels like that um yeah I mean I think it is going to from what I've heard of IUS Rift and and some of the other immersive technologies that it's quite transformative uh you really feel like you're there um and and then when you come out of it it feels like reality isn't

real um so I think we'll see probably less physical movement in the future as a result of the virtual reality stuff um yeah and when we come out of what we're here now into this virtual reality we'll think it's real I mean it's like well I mean there's some interesting things here on the virtual reality front um and I mean just on the whole notion of a simulation which is that if if you just if you extrapolate into the future and say well how good let's say will video games be in in 100 or 200 or 1,000 years from now if if there's continued Improvement um and you know you're in a full body haptic suit with a sort of surround vision and you know you it's it's it becomes Beyond a certain resolution indistinguishable from reality um if and and there will

likely to be there likely to be Millions maybe maybe billions of such simulations so then what are the odds that we're actually in base reality isn't it one in billions is it I mean gives I can give the counter argument but I'd rather you give the counter argument uh it obviously this feels real but but it it it may I mean it seems unlikely to be real uh my name is Danielle I'm an architect uh from paloalto I just completed a net zero passive house and I'm now a fellow at the Stanford Business School and I'm working with a group of students on a project to um come up with the most innovative ways to solve big problems in cities and we've identified Detroit as our prime target two questions uh what do you see as city-wide Innovation um and since women

don't ask as we're taught I'm going to ask would you come down to Stanford and bring M storm on this with us um this may sound Tri but I I think I honestly think tunnels should be given a lot more consideration um so I mean if you look at a city you have you look at I can you have all these apartment buildings and Office Buildings and there are many levels like they're you know be like an average of in Manhattan I don't know what is an average of like 30 stories or something like that but then you've got a street which is one story this is an obvious issue like you have a 30 to1 ratio of you know so you should have multi-layered highways yeah underground stacked up yeah and you can have tunnels to the tunnels don't have to follow the the buildings they

can they can be they can go diagonally through the basement yeah yeah and you can have as many levels as you want M so it's really just the cost of building the tunnels um and um but really it's tunnel is a hole in the ground like how hard can it really be I mean just so it seems like if if some Ur put their effort into building tunnels you know effectively be transformative to cities around the world um I'll certainly consider coming giving a talk I mean I'm in paloalto every week so certain be open to it sure um what other things besides you know tunnels hyper Loops you've talked about other things that are great visions that could transform a daily what we call reality which I assume is reality for the moment um yeah I mean it's with within cities

it's sort of tunnels tunnels and tunnels and tubes uh and I mean for longdistance travel I really think that the vertical tequ of Landing electric supersonic aircraft is the way to go um and um I think it's it's very doable uh so that that that would be the way to go for long distance transation like for for if you're going more than like 500 Miles because then you have any to any uh you solve the any to any problem of a long distance for shorter distances because you have a time to climb and a time to descend uh penalty below 500 Miles um aircraft are not as good um so um that's why I think sort of some sort of evacu evacuated tube is is a better way to to travel what is an evacuated tube well you know just something where you've reduced the air density

so the drag is dramatically reduced then it's like it's as though you got got teleported to altitude right um and you can grow much faster um and and not have to have the climb and descend issues hi I'm Lawrence I'm a sophomore at Stanford and I run a music startup um we all know that you have all those really crazy ideas in the best way possible uh but how do you come up with those ideas could you tell me more about your creative process and also uh once you have those great ideas how do you go about uh capitalizing uh those really ambitious ideas if you have very few limited Financial Resources well I think the the great thing about sort of software or anything which just involves uh intellectual capital of a capital of you and you friends you and a

few friends is that you can just do it so that's why you know doing some sort of internet thing or software thing is is great as an initial um company to create that's why it's zip2 and PayPal they they gave me the capital to attempt to do more Capital intense activities um I mean in as far as idea generation I think um when I tend to think of things from a sort of physics standpoint like from a first principal standpoint what would be the best way to accomplish something um and then pursue that um so and that's also a good way to determine if there's a if if something's far from its Optimum um and um like on on rockets for example um one could say oh you know that you could Reason by analogy and say the Rocket's going to cost a certain amount because

that's what prior Rockets have cost or you can say well what is a rocket made of what the material constituents what are those M what do they weigh what what's the cost per unit mass and that that sets the limit ASM totically for what a rocket can be so if you can figure out some creative way to rearrange those elements into a rocket shape then you can uh achieve a much better outcome that's the first principles approach um and I think also just combining um ideas from different Industries is really helpful for Innovation so you what what have people discovered in one industry and can that be applied to other Industries that's um I think also a great source of ideas um but but you usually just struggle on a solution and um you try try a bunch of things

some of them don't work and some of them and you most of them don't work and occasionally one does you mentioned the startup of PayPal which is a great Innovation that happened in sort of how we pay for things that seems to me an area in which it hasn't been as much subsequent Innovation other than Bitcoin as it should be in other words quickly transferring money especially to people you don't know or whatever uh is to Me Maybe I'm Wrong far more difficult than it seems like it should be are you somewhat disappointed with the way PayPal then proceeded or are you disappointed with the lack of innovation in the digital currency and and um environment yeah Pap has definitely I mean it hasn't moved much since from when when it was sort of um bought by eBay

um the the longterm Vision that I had for PayPal or sort of in in in in sort of Finance was to to to well it sounds a bit strange like to to convert the financial system from a series of heterogeneous uh insecure databases to one database or well not one database but maybe there'd be like a few more um the the money is just a number in a database that's what it is um and it's primarily an information mechanism for labor allocation and the current databases are not very efficient like there you know there are these old Legacy main frames that don't talk to each other very well have post security and uh only do their and do bash processing once a day are you glad PayPal is being spun off it's probably the right move and what would you do with it um well

I think I think I convert it into more of a full service financial institution so you just you you want to do um all the things that uh a consumer you want to have like all the financial services that somebody needs in one place seamlessly integrated together and easy to use um and I think really really care about the consumer I think a lot of banks don't seem to care that much about the customer so um I I think there's an opportunity to be like a really good bank effectively but but but much more than what people think of it do you think Bitcoin will be disruptive in that way I mean now it's a speculative currency will it be something that will be what normal consumers will use and will disrupt the banking industry my opinion B point is that I mean I

think Bitcoin is probably a good thing um but it's it's essentially uh it its main thing thing will be I this probably get quoted here and there but the it it it's it's I think it's primarily going to be a means of of doing illegal transactions um but that's not necessarily entirely bad CU you know you know some things should be maybe shouldn't be illegal U so um but the combination of Silk Road and Bitcoin will save us well it will be used for for legal and illegal transactions otherwise it would have no value as a use of for for legal transaction because you have to have a legal to Illegal Bridge yeah um I don't own any Bitcoin by way we uh I let you get the last word sir I promise it'll be fast you on Bob shiky from Tom Reuters India just launched

a uh a mission to Mars $75 million to get that thing was it as Astro Teller said a miracle or is there something fundamental about the Indian space industry that allowed them to do a mission like that for so cheap and if so is there something that we can pick up and learn from that I think it's a very impressive Mission um given that it was executed by um a government entity that's like really really impressive um I mean impressive no matter who's doing but from a c standpoint impressive because it's being done by a government entity um ultimately we have to be able to do missions to Mars for much less than that um otherwise it'll be impossible to establish a self-sustaining civilization on Mars um you because we'll have to transport millions of tons

of cargo millions of people um and the the cost of moving to Mars has to be affordable otherwise people won't be able to go uh so it has to ultimately come down by couple orders of magnitude from from that level sub million sub a million dollars then a couple orders of magnitude I'd say below well below a million yeah Elon Musk great innovator thank you very much and good luck tomorrow we'll we'll we'll be looking to see what was right under our nose uh when you announce it tomorrow sir right good thank you [Music]