机器翻译,已尽力保留原意与数字
内容摘要
泰森与马斯克一同探讨人类的未来,涉及NASA资金、火星殖民和SpaceX,比尔·奈也参与其中。
Tyson explores the future of humanity with Musk, covering NASA funding, Mars colonization and SpaceX, with Bill Nye.
中文实录Transcript
21 个段落
第 1 段
伊娃会把你孵化进这个世界,你之前在哪里?嗯,我出生在南非。不会是南非吧,而你来到美国赚了10亿美元。对,我的意思是,我没料到会赚到10亿美元。我想,我在南非长大,老实说,看了很多相同的电视和电影,也读漫画书,而且说实话,感觉和比如南加州并没有那么不同。所以当时你算是接受了美国流行文化的一种洗礼。对,对,你知道,很多都有食人魔,还有在牛排馆,以及读了几乎每一本漫画书,你知道。所以我父亲在我大约10岁时带我去美国旅行。我记得那真是很棒的经历,因为所有酒店里都有游戏厅,所以我的头号
第 2 段
事情就是,每当我们去一家新酒店、汽车旅馆或随便它是什么时,就去游戏厅,然后看看他们是否还提供别的服务,不管他们有没有臭虫。你找的是街机游戏。对。电子游戏为你做了什么?它们极其吸引人,也让人也许想学习如何给计算机编程,因为那时我想,嗯,我可以制作自己的游戏,然后我也可以,我想看看游戏是怎么运作的,比如你是怎么创造电子游戏的。正是这件事促使我学习如何给计算机编程。成为程序员。对。所以我有最早期的电子游戏机之一,没有任何,没有卡带;你大概有4款可以玩的游戏,而且你可以大概从4款能玩的游戏中选1款。就这些。然后它从
第 3 段
那里发展到最初的Atari,然后是电视,然后我在一家商店里看到了Commodore VIC-20,我当时就想,天哪,你居然真的可以拥有一台计算机,制作自己的游戏。我觉得这是可能存在的最不可思议的事情之一,于是花光了我攒下的所有零用钱,然后不停缠着我父亲,直到我们买下Commodore VIC-20。它随附了这本关于如何用BASIC搜索进行编程的手册。我连续好几天整夜都只是在观察那个。靠你自己?没人强迫你?不,这是自发的。我必须了解这个,这对我有好处。我花……大概9、9或10之类。所以你在9岁或10岁时用BASIC的表现。对,我可能对这东西有些强迫症了,所以严格来说强迫症是,但我还是,我会着迷
第 4 段
至少让我把它放在整点。所以编程,还有别的吗?你可以控制某样东西,构建一个小宇宙,而当你第一次做时,你会觉得,这太不可思议了,你真的可以让事情发生,比如你输入这些命令,然后屏幕上就会发生某件事。那相当惊人。我上大学时,看到了最有可能影响人类未来的事物之一,还有电动汽车、太阳能,本质上就是可持续。大多数人想的是,我毕业后只想找份工作,而你本科时就在试图重塑人类。我的意思是,在美国,让自己保持很多相当容易。所以我的意思是,我对生存条件的要求很低。我的意思是,我觉得自己可以,比如待在某间昏暗的公寓里,带着我的
第 5 段
计算机,也能过得下去,而且不会停滞。嗯哼。事实上,我第一次来到北美时,我在加拿大,那时我17岁;只是想大致看看生活需要什么,我会尝试每天靠1美元生活,那就是,你还是会按这种方式批量买食物吗?对,米饭和豆子,还有,对,我会选热狗。好,我的狗和橙子。过一阵子你真的会厌倦热狗和橙子,而且我们密切地,比如,你知道,意大利面、1个青椒和1大罐酱,那也能撑相当久。所以就是,好吧,你知道,如果我每天靠1美元就能活下去,那么至少从食物成本的角度来看,嗯,1个月赚大约30美元很容易,你知道。对,事情。所以大概会没问题。好,所以这让你不必担心
第 6 段
钱,因为你做了这个实验。做了这个实验,完全正确。所以这对你而言是一个重要的心理和哲学锚点,让我替你说出来,但这是一个可以出发去往任何你想去之处的起点。对,绝对是。于是,所以现在你有了一条基线,一条人生基线,可以从这里在智力、心理、财务上前往新的地方。那么先出现的是什么,是关于电动汽车的想法,还是关于太空的想法?嗯,你知道,刚开始上大学时,比如你能推动人们上大二,就会有这类大二学生式的哲学漫游,而我会试着想,好吧,在我看来,哪些事物最会影响人类的未来。其实有5件事,其中有3件我认为参与进去会很有意思
第 7 段
我认为其中3件肯定是积极的:互联网、可持续能源,包括生产和消费,以及太空探索,更具体地说,是让生命永久延伸到地球之外。然后,虽然我从未想过自己真的会参与其中,那那远远是我抽象意义上认为很重要的事情,但我不认为自己永远会有机会参与其中。然后第4件是人工智能,第1件是重写人类基因。这些正是我刚开始时认为最会有效影响人类未来的5件事。我的目标是执行一次电话流量任务,目的是增加NASA的预算,那就是
第 8 段
我的目标。我很困惑,为什么我们还没有把人送上火星。在我看来,这显然是登月后的目标,而我们在这方面却没有取得进展。当事情明显开始时,那份文件在我之后会被卖掉,也许会问我接下来要做什么,我说,嗯,我的意思是,我不知道我们接下来要做什么,但我总是很好奇太空那边在发生什么,以及为什么每个人都取得了进展。我只是想知道我们什么时候会把人送上火星。所以我不会去NASA网站,而且找不到一个日期。我当时想,好吧,也许它就在某处,只是我找不到,NASA想要登陆火星的日期。对,这里应该会有某种日程之类的,而我们在查看整体计划,或者它就是这种状态,哪怕它远在
第 9 段
未来,却哪里都找不到。总之,我开始了解那段过去的历史,并想,好吧,也许我能做些什么,向火星表面发射一项小型任务,让公众兴奋起来,而公众的这种兴奋会促使NASA增加预算,于是我们基本上就可以恢复将人送上火星的进程。所以你觉得自己能用那寒酸的10亿美元做到这件事?不,我当时没有10亿美元。我大约有一个1.8亿美元的空位,而且我想,嗯,你知道,也许我可以把其中一半花在火星任务上。所以一直以来都在尝试调查航天产业,并从地方层面决定采用这个想法:向火星表面送去1座小型温室。我们被称为
第 10 段
火星绿洲任务,所以你把种子放在脱水的果冻里,它会着陆,你的水合物在着陆时跳起来,然后你会拍到一张很棒的照片:红色背景上的绿色植物,而公众会对问题和支持者作出回应,所以这将是另一个星球上的第一个生命,也是据乔治我们所知生命到过的最远地方,而这就是你如何登上头条,是的,没错,它非常像某种新事物或某种最高级的事物,嗯哼,而我当时想,好吧,那也许会重新激发热情,结果将是 NASA 的预算得到增加,所以一开始的整个目标只是,我们怎样才能为 NASA 获得更多资金,但每次在这件事上熬夜之后,我得出的结论是,我实际上错了,我最初的假设是错误的,因为我原以为
第 11 段
有志者事竟成,而我们只是某种程度上失去了意志,那是,那是错误的,但人们有的是意志,他们需要相信存在一条道路,一条不会让国家破产、也不意味着他们必须牺牲医疗保健之类至关重要事物的道路,所以很明显,太空运输问题必须得到解决,除非太空运输的成本得到显著改善,否则这一切都无关紧要,那么你们第一次成功发射时,进入轨道的每磅成本是多少,大约6,000美元,6,000,是的,不是每块板100美元,不,她得到每磅100美元,你需要一枚完全可重复使用的大型火箭,你们已经做到那里了吗,还没有,不过我们正在取得进展,到目前为止花了12年,我们还没有回收过一个级段
第 12 段
但我认为我们会在明年内回收一个级段,并且能够重新战斗,你们的网站上有没有一个日期,让某个人可以说,哦,他要让维沙伊着陆,说得好,不是那种,哦,好吧,我的意思是,我已经公开说过很多次了,尽管也许我们应该在网站上放点东西,也就是,我认为我们有相当不错的机会,能在大约11或12年内把一个人送上火星,从地球的角度来看,我们需要在本世纪解决的最大问题是能源的可持续生产和消费,这确实是一个相当严重的问题,人们确实应该相当认真地对待这件事,即使你把大幅改变海洋和大气化学成分所造成的环境后果放到一边,我们
第 13 段
最终会耗尽石油,只不过那并不好,如果我们找不到燃烧石油或运输问题的解决方案,然后石油又耗尽了,经济就会崩溃,文明会如我们所知的那样来调转它,不管有没有全球一个,是的,我们仍然那项工作,没错,我的意思是,所以如果我们知道无论如何最终都必须摆脱石油,我们知道那是一个不可逃避的结果,这只是何时的问题,而不是是否的问题,那么你为什么要进行这项疯狂的实验,通过加入自前寒武纪以来一直被埋藏的大量二氧化碳,改变大气和海洋的化学成分,那太疯狂了,那绝对是迄今为止历史上最愚蠢的实验,但我保证,它甚至不是,我想不出一个更愚蠢的实验,我真的不能
第 14 段
它到底可能带来什么好处,所以我们需要另一种解决方案,但电动汽车当然仍然使用煤炭,这就是为什么你需要太阳能和风能之类的可持续电力生产,它们仍然可以给你的、你的汽车充电,是的,当然,我们所有人真正想要的是飞行汽车,你想要吗,是的,其实让我问问,那么你确定你想要申请汽车吗,不,但那是一堵墙,这看起来很酷,我的意思是,你知道,每当你看到某种城市出现在某种未来主义概念中时,那些全都把飞行汽车扔进去,而且你不能告诉我你从来没想过它,没有,我放了很多关于,是的,是的,好吧,而且我认识的一些人正在研究飞行汽车或飞行沿海运输设备,如果你的悬浮滑板没有声音,但我的意思是,我有点想知道
第 15 段
采访时你可以带我看看你的悬浮滑板房间,好吧,我不会告诉任何人,麦克风现在静音了,好吧,你可以只是在两者之间,而且只有我知道,我在纠结,比如到底该不该让每辆飞行汽车用于拍摄而飞,因为我对此有两种想法,你知道,因为如果有飞行汽车,那么,显然你就增加了这个额外的维度,我们的汽车有可能掉到你头上,也会容易受到天气影响,当然,你还必须让飞行汽车像由自动驾驶系统控制一样,因为我的意思是,否则就算了,你想让人们自己导航吗,是的,所以它必须交给驾驶系统,嗯哼,但即使在秩序路径将这个结合起来,而且即使你有冗余的凶手和叶片,你仍然从某样东西掉到你头上的概率接近于零
第 16 段
变成某个高于那个数值的概率,而且还有噪声方面的挑战,所以我明白了,我们不知道如何安静地飞行,对吧,好吧,所以我会等着,有一件我确实认为肯定会对城市有很大帮助的事,就是修建更多隧道,本质上就是让飞行汽车从那里进入3D,而且城市存在一个根本缺陷:那里有密集的办公楼、公寓楼和复式住宅,它们是在3个维度上运作,但当你来到街道上时,突然间你就变成2维的,因为它是一种作为表面的飞行,是的,纽约市就是用地铁解决这个问题的,直接从下面穿过,多层地铁,对吧,所以我们实际上是在3个维度上通行,只不过是在地下,而不是在
第 17 段
空中,但我认为,如果把这一点外推到汽车上,修建更多汽车隧道,那么你就能彻底缓解拥堵,而且你不需要飞行汽车,在那种情况下你不需要飞行汽车,而且即使天气恶劣,它也总能运行,也永远不会结冰,而且我们永远不会结冰,而且我们不会掉到你头上,所以我们要马上开始做这件事,我是说,这些天我非常担心人工超级智能,我认为,而且我公开说过,我认为它可能是某种比核武器更危险的东西,所以我们真的应该非常谨慎,如果创造出一种非常深度的超级数字超级智能,能够以非对数的方式进行快速递归式自我改进,那么,你知道
第 18 段
那是它的软件,是的,所以,比如说,它可以重新编程自己,让自己变得更聪明,并且非常快速地迭代,而且每天24小时在数百万台计算机上这样做,那么一切就到此为止了,一切就到此为止了,我是说,我们不会像,你是帕特拉布拉多犬,如果你走运的话,我会详细说说,我知道它们的宠物,它就像最友善的生物,不,不,它们会驯化我们,是的,我们对它们来说将完全是膝上宠物,是的,我是说,或者会发生某种奇怪的事情,它们会留下温顺的人类,除掉暴力的人,然后它们阅读温顺的人类,是的,我是说,数字超级智能的效用函数极其重要,这个,它试图优化什么,而我们需要非常谨慎地说,哦,哦,那人类幸福怎么样,因为
第 19 段
它,你知道,可能会得出结论,所有不幸福的人类都应该被终结,而且,你知道,我们应该始终只是被捕获,并把多巴胺和血清素直接注入我们的大脑,以最大化幸福,幸福,因为它得出的结论是,多巴胺和血清素是带来幸福的东西,因此,因此要把它们最大化,我只是说,我是说,我们应该谨慎行事,我对未来相当乐观,我是说,我不认为我们即将进入黑暗时代,这可能发生,但它并不是,我认为短期内不太可能,足够到你抵达火星,希望不是在抵达火星之前,但请记住,尝试前往火星这一行为的一部分,就是一种让我们远离黑暗时代的力量,我是说,总有可能发生某种灾难性的事情
第 20 段
发生在我们身上,无论是自然灾难还是人为灾难,突然间,我们在化石记录中看到了这一点,而且我们发明了各种各样让自己灭亡的方式,这是恐龙所没有的,而我们还没能拖延小行星问题,所以我们的风险因此更高,好吧,当然,人们意识到这一点,如果你还没有解决那些当然导致此前灭绝事件的问题,而且你又增加了新的问题,你就没有改善局面,而这大致就是我们目前的处境,还有其他人更好,一些非常聪明的人比我悲观得多,比如,你知道,像斯蒂芬·霍金这样的人,以及皇家天文学家马丁·里斯,他们都相当悲观,我天生是个乐观的人,但我确实认为,建立
第 21 段
生命保险是有价值的,也就是说,如果我们所知的生命存在于不止1颗行星上,那么我们所知的意识之光就很可能在未来被保存更长得多的时间
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Eva would egg hatched you into this world where were you before you well I was born in South Africa wouldn't South Africa and you come to America and make a billion dollars yeah I mean I didn't expect it would make a billion dollars I suppose I grew up in South Africa honestly seeing a lot of the same TV and movies and reading comic books and and it really didn't feel all that different from say Southern California honestly so you had a kind of baptism into American pop culture at the time yeah yeah you know a lot of have ogres and when steakhouses and read like every comic book you know so my father brought me on a trip to the United States when I was about 10 I remember it was really awesome experience because the hotels all had arcades so my number
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one thing was when we went to new hotel the motel or whatever it is go to the arcades and so that they have got any other services for that whether they had bedbugs you're looking for arcade games yeah what did video games do for you and that they're incredibly engaging and they maybe want to learn how to program computers cuz then I thought well I could make my own games and then I could also I want to see how the games work like how did you create a video game that's what led me to learn how to program computers to be a programmer yeah so I had one of the first video game consoles didn't have any have cartridges you had like four games that you could play and you could like pick one one of the four games you could play that was it and then it went from
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there to the original Atari and then in television and then I was in a store and saw at the Commodore vic-20 and I was like holy crow you can actually have a computer and make your own games I thought this was just one of the most incredible things possible took all of my saved allowance and and then hounded my father until we got the Commodore vic-20 and there came with this manual on how to program in basic search I spent all night over days in a row just observing that and on your own no one forced you know this is self-motivated I got to know this this is good for me I'm spend like nine nine or ten or something so your performance in basic at age nine or ten yeah I kind of went got OCD on the thing maybe so technically OCD is but still II get obsessive
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let me put that at least the o clock so programming anything else you get to control something construct a little universe and when you first do it you're like this is incredible you can actually make things happen like you type these commands and then something happens on the screen that's pretty amazing when I was in college I saw one of the things that are most going to affect the future of humanity and the electric cars solar power essentially sustainable most people thinking I just want a job when I get out and you're trying to reshape humanity as an undergraduate I mean it's pretty in America it's pretty easy to keep yourself a lot so I mean my threshold for existing is pretty low I mean I figured I could like be in some dingy apartment with my
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computer and be okay and not stalled mm-hmm in fact when I first came to North America I was in Canada when I seventeen and just to sort of see what it takes to live I'd try to live on one dollar a day which was it do you still just buy food in bulk at this yeah rice and beans and yeah I would go for the hot dogs okay my dogs and oranges you get really tired of hot dogs and oranges after a while and we closely like you know pasta and a green pepper and a big thing of sauce and that can go pretty far too so it's like okay you know if I can live for a dollar a day then at least from a food cost standpoint well it's pretty easy to earn like thirty dollars in a month you know yeah thing so probably be okay okay so that allowed you to not have to worry about
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money because you did the experiment did the experiment exactly so this was an important psychological philosophical anchor for you let me put words in your mouth but that's a starting point to launch anywhere you want to go yeah absolutely and so so now you've got a baseline a life baseline from which to go new places intellectually psychologically financially so what came first thoughts of an electric car or thoughts of space hmm you know when you're starting out in college like can you push men sophomore year like you've these sort of sophomoric philosophical wanderings and I try to think of okay what are the things that it will seem to me would most affect the future of humanity there were really five things three of which I thought would be interesting
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to be involved in the three that I thought were were definitely positive would be the Internet sustainable energy both production and consumption and space exploration more specifically the extension of life beyond Earth on a permanent basis and then although I never thought I'd actually be involved in that that's that was way something I thought that was important in the abstract but not something I thought I would ever have an opportunity to be involved in and then the fourth one was artificial intelligence and the first one was rewriting human genetics these were just the five things that I thought would most effective future of humanity when I started out my goal was to do a phone traffic mission with the intent of increasing NASA's budget that was
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my goal I was confused as to why I would not yet sent a person to Mars it seemed like this was obviously the goal after the moon and we'd not made progress on that and when it began clearly that paper was gonna get sold after I might ask me what I'm gonna do next and I said well I mean I don't know what we do next but I'm always curious about what's going on with space and why every made progress I just wonder when we're gonna send a person to Mars so I wouldn't go in on the NASA website and I couldn't find a date I was like well maybe it's here somewhere and I just can't find it the date that NASA wants to land on Mars yeah this is gonna be like some schedule or something and we're looking over the game plan or it's the state even if it's far in the
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future and there was not to be found anywhere and anyways I started learning about that back history and I thought well okay maybe there's something that I can do to send a small mission to the surface of Mars that would get the public excited and as a result of that public excitement NASA's budget will be increased and we could resume process of sending people to Mars essentially so you thought you can do that with your lousy billion dollars no I didn't have a billion dollars at that time I had about a 180 million slot and and I figured well you know maybe I could spend half of that on a mission to Mars so it's been ever try investigating the space industry and provincially decided on this idea of sending a small greenhouse surface of Mars we were called
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the Mars Oasis mission and so you have seeds in dehydrated jello would land your hydrate jump on landing and you have this great shot of green plant so on a red background and the public responds to questions and supporters so this would be the first life on another planet furthest that life's ever traveled George we know and that's how you get a headline yes exactly it's very something new or something superlative mmm-hmm and I thought well and that would maybe reinvigorate excitement and the result would be NASA's budget gets increased so the whole goal in the beginning was just how do we get more money for NASA but after staying up every time on this I came in conclusion that I was actually incorrect my initial assumption is wrong because I thought
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that where there's a will there's a way and that we just sort of lost our will that was that's false but there's plenty of will people needed to believe that there was a way in a way that would not bankrupt the country or mean that they'd have to sacrifice something of critical importance like health care so it became clear that the space transport problem had to be solved unless there was dramatic improvement in the cost of space transport then none of it would matter so in your first successful launch what was the cost per pound to orbit about 6,000 dollars 6,000 yeah not $100 a panel no she gets $100 pound you need a big rocket that's fully reusable are you there yet no we're making progress though spend 12 years so far we've not recovered a stage
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but I think we'll recover a stage within the next year and be able to refight is there a date on your website the where someone can say oh he's gonna land vishay a good point it's not like an oh well I mean I've said it publicly many times although maybe we should put something on the website which is that I think we've got a decent shot of being able to send a person to Mars in about 11 or 12 years from a terrestrial standpoint the biggest problem we need to solve it at the century is sustainable production and consumption of energy this really is quite a serious problem people really should take this quite seriously even if you put the environmental consequences of dramatically changing the chemical composition of the oceans and atmosphere aside we
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will eventually run out of oil only that's not well if we don't find a solution to burning oil or transport and we then run out of oil the economy will collapse and civilizations will come tune it over as we know it with or without global one yeah we still that work exactly I mean and so if we know that we have to ultimately get off oil no matter what we know that that is an inescapable outcome it's simply a question of when not if then why would you run this crazy experiment of changing the chemical composition of the atmosphere oceans by adding enormous amounts of co2 that have been buried since the Precambrian era that's crazy that is the dumbest experiment in history by far but I promise it's not even I think of a dumber experiment I honestly cannot
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what good could possibly come of it so therefore we need another solution here but of course electric cars still uses coal that's why you need sustainable power production like solar and wind which can still charge your your car yes of course what we all really want are flying cars do you yeah actually let me ask so are you sure you want applying car no but it was a wall this look cool I mean you know whenever you see sort of cities in like some futuristic concept those throughout the flying car in there and you can't tell me you never thought of it no I put a lot about yeah yeah okay and there's some people I know that are working on flying cars or flying coastal transport devices if you hover boards don't have a voice but I mean I sort of wonder to
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the interview you can show me your hover board room okay I won't tell anybody the microphone is on mute now okay you can just between and just with me knows I'm debating like should every fly cars for shooting to be flying cause I'm of two minds on that you know because if there are flying cars then well obviously you have added this additional dimension our car could potentially fall in your head and will be susceptible to weather and of course you'd have to have flying car where it would be like an autopilot because I mean otherwise forget it you want people navigating yes that's why it's got to go to pilot mm-hmm but even in order paths marry this and even if you've got redundant murders and blades you're still gone from near zero chance of something
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falling on your head to something greater than that and there's also a noise challenge so I see we don't know how to fly quietly right ok so I'll wait it out someone something that I do think would definitely help a lot in cities is more tunnels essentially with flying cars from that going 3d and there's a fundamental flaw with cities where you've got dense office buildings and apartment buildings and duplexes and they were operating on three dimensions but then you go to the street and suddenly you're two dimensional because it's a flight as a surface yeah this is how the New York City solve this with the subway go right underneath multiple layers of subway right so we are actually traveling in three dimensions but below the ground rather than in the
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air but I think if you were to extrapolate that to cars and have more car tunnels then you would alleviate congestion completely and you wouldn't need the flying car you would not need a flying car in that case and it would always work even if the weather's bad and would never ice up and we're never ice up and we're no fall on your head so we're gonna get started on that right away I mean I'm quite worried about artificial superintelligence these days I think and I've said this publicly I think it's maybe something more dangerous than nuclear weapons so we should be really careful about that if there was a very deep super digital super intelligence that was created that could go into rapid recursive self-improvement in a non logarithmic way then you know
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that was its software yes so like it just could reprogram itself to be smarter and iterate very quickly and do that 24 hours a day on millions of computers well then that's all she wrote that's all she wrote I mean we won't be like you're Pat Labrador if you're lucky I'll elaborate over I knew their pets it's like the friendliest creature no no they'll domesticate us yeah we will be exactly lap pets to them yes I mean or something strange is gonna happen they'll keep the docile humans and get rid of the violent ones and they read the docile humans yeah I mean the utility function of the digital super intelligence is of stupendous important this what does it try to optimize and we need to be really careful with saying oh oh how about human happiness because
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it you know made conclude that all unhappy humans should be terminated and you know that we should always just be captured and with dopamine and serotonin directly injected into our brains to maximize happiness happiness because it's concluded that dopamine and serotonin are what cause happiness therefore therefore maximize them I'm just saying I'm saying we should exercise caution I'm quite optimistic about the future I mean I don't think we're about to enter a dark age it could happen but it's not I think not likely anytime soon enough where you get to Mars hopefully not before gets Mars but bear in mind that part of the act of trying to get to Mars is a force to keep us out of the dark ages I mean this always a chance that something calamitous could
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happen to us either natural man-made catastrophe suddenly we see that in the fossil record and we've invented all sorts of ways of doing ourselves in that the dinosaurs didn't have and we haven't managed to stall off the asteroid problem so therefore our risk is higher okay sure people realize this if you haven't solved the problems that of course the prior extinctions and you've added new ones you've not improved the situation and that's sort of where we are right now and any other people better some really smart people that are a lot more pessimistic than I am like you know the Stephen Hawking's of the world and Martin Rees the Royal astronomer they're all quite pessimistic I'm a naturally optimistic person but I do think that there's value in establishing
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life insurance which if life as we know does on more than one planet then the light of consciousness as we know it is likely preserved into the future for much longer