萨姆。

萨。

它。

它是萨姆它。

萨。

萨姆萨。

它。

J。

它。

它是。

它。

萨姆。

萨。

萨姆。

萨。

好了，让我们看看你能给我弄到什么。好，所以你可以。太好了。嗯，欢迎大家。我们无比兴奋，能进一步谈谈BFR火箭，并宣布首位私人宇航员，首位将进入太空的普通公民。我先从谈谈VFR开始，你知道，大致说说我们是如何走到这一步的。

所以SpaceX的宗旨，创建SpaceX的原因，是为了加速人类成为太空文明的进程，帮助推动火箭技术发展到我们有可能成为多行星物种和真正太空文明的程度。所以，当我们考察某种意义上的化石记录、文明史时，务必要记住，可能会发生某种自然事件或某种人为事件，终结我们所知的文明和或我们所知的生命。

所以，我们努力成为多行星文明、把生命扩展到地球之外，并尽快做到这一点，这很重要。这个机会窗口可能会开放很长时间，也可能只会开放很短时间，但我们不应假定它会长期开放。我们应该采取行动，尽快成为多行星文明。

这有点像防御性的理由。我确实想强调，是多行星，而不是单一行星但在别的某个地方。我们想成为多行星文明，让火星、月球，也许金星、木星的卫星以及整个太阳系都有生命，然后最终把生命扩展到太阳系之外的其他恒星系统。我认为那是一个令人无比振奋的未来。我认为那是我们想要的未来。

而且你知道，有太多事情会让人们对未来感到悲伤或沮丧，但我认为，成为太空文明是那些能让你对未来感到兴奋、让你早晨兴奋地起床的事情之一。就像，这是你可以期待的事情，它让你为自己是人类而感到高兴。

我希望人们会这样看待它。BFR的意图就是让人们对未来感到兴奋。

所以，这算是一幅展示火星上会是什么样子的示意图。

火星基地，而当我谈到它时，会给你们展示，比如这是我们10年前所处的位置。所以我们快到SpaceX首次飞入轨道10周年了。那是在2008年。

对，2008年9月，我们第一次进入轨道，而在此之前我们有过3次没有成功的尝试。

所以我们，所以我们已经进行了3次进入轨道的尝试，然后第4次，也就是第4次尝试，在2008年9月进入了轨道。如果那次尝试没有进入轨道，SpaceX就不会再、就不会存在了。所以那是进入轨道的第4次也是最后一次机会。那是一次非常、非常艰难、令人情绪激动的发射。

但幸运的是，那次发射确实进入了轨道。此后不久，我们赢得了第1份真正重大的NASA合同，或者说赢得了空间站服务合同。这两件事对SpaceX的成功至关重要。

然后这就把我们带到了今年早些时候所处的位置，也就是猎鹰重型火箭的发射。所以我们从猎鹰1号这样一枚只能向近地轨道发射半吨载荷、而且完全不可重复使用的小火箭，发展到了猎鹰重型火箭，它是世界上最强大的火箭，强大程度达到其他火箭的2倍，拥有足够的入轨载荷能力，可以把一架满载的737、乘客、泳池乘客、燃料和行李送入轨道。

而且我们能够发射一个算是很有趣的载荷，也就是，你知道，一辆Tesla Roadster，带着一个算是叫Starman的假人，前往火星轨道。所以我们能够把8个相当重的载荷发射到火星轨道，并让2枚侧助推器返回，降落回卡纳维拉尔角。

芯级没有成功着陆，但我们认为，在随后的某次发射中我们能够做到。不过在10年间发生了巨大的变化，从仅仅勉强能够进入轨道，发展到拥有世界上最强大的发射载具，其强大程度达到其他运载火箭的2倍，并让助推级实现完全重复使用。

我们现在已经执行过这样的任务，其中，我们已经把同一助推级发射了好几次，这真的相当、相当棒。然后我们还成功复飞了我们的龙飞船。所以在10年间发生了巨大的变化。而且我认为会是。如果你说，比如，好吧，有多少人在2008年预测到SpaceX会在2018年前做到这些事？我认为是0。这是我的，我认为是0。比如，我不确定是不是0，但据我所知，没有人做出过那样的预测，包括我在内，顺便说一句，我当时会说这不太可能。

尽管如此，在10年里，从勉强进入轨道的小型火箭，发展到遥遥领先的世界最大火箭，拥有可重复使用的助推级，还把一辆汽车送往火星。

很多人不明白我们为什么把一辆汽车送往火星。显然，这有点令人困惑。为什么要把一辆汽车送往火星？这太奇怪了。但真正的原因是，我们只是想要某种有趣、能让人们产生共鸣的东西。通常一家公司制造出一种新火箭时，他们就会发射一块混凝土板之类的东西。我当时想，嗯，那太无聊了。所以我们想要某种有趣的东西，让你感觉自己或许也能身处其中。

而这就是那辆汽车以及车里向北的宇航员背后的考虑。

那是对大卫·鲍伊、《银河系漫游指南》以及其他一些事物的致敬。手套箱里还有蚀刻在玻璃上的阿西莫夫《基地》系列。所以那就是。事实上，阿西莫夫的《基地》系列是SpaceX的一个关键灵感来源。

那么简单介绍一下vfr本身的最新情况。

所以这个设计，BFR的生产设计，在一些重要方面不同于我大约1年前展示的版本。

总体而言，它长118米。有效载荷仍然相近。大约是100公吨。那是100公吨送到，嗯，实际上严格来说，由于在轨加注燃料、在轨重新加注，100公吨可以一路送到火星。所以BFR能够，很可能能够把100吨载荷一路送到火星表面，或者送到任何，嗯，火星表面，也许是谷神星。但是。但是如果你在火星上设有推进剂仓库，就能从火星前往小行星带、木星的卫星，并且可以像这样在行星和卫星之间逐站跃迁，一路前往外太阳系。

所以BFR真正的定位是一套行星际运输运输系统；随着沿途建立推进剂仓库，它能够从地球前往太阳系中的任何地方。

对，所以我们已经把有效载荷舱增大到超过1,000立方米。我认为它最终可能大概会达到1100立方米左右。

它有前部主动控制翼面和后部主动控制翼面。BFR的飞行方式有些反直觉。如果你运用通常的那种直觉，它就说不通。

我会试着在这次演示中说明这一点。

所以它有2个前部主动控制襟翼，然后有2个后部主动控制机翼，或者说翼片，或者说襟翼，取决于什么。它们与现有的任何东西都不完全相似。

但你会有点想要，你会有点想要4个控制面，以便在广泛的大气密度和速度范围内控制飞行器。

所以这个

运作方式更像是跳伞者，而不是飞机。

在重返大气层时，几乎整个过程中，它只是在设法、设法中断，它只是在设法停下来。所以它会竭尽所能降低速度，同时将那股力分散到尽可能大的表面积上。

所以3个后部翼片中的2个会作动。它们就像巨大的机翼。移动那些，移动那些机翼，实际上需要极其巨大的力。大致属于兆牛顿量级的力。

第3个鳍状或翼状结构实际上不会活动，而且并不像看上去那样是垂直安定面。它实际上只是一条支腿。所以，在进入过程的高速阶段，它位于背风面，而且，而且它其实没有任何空气动力学用途，实际上就只是一条支腿。为了保持对称，它看起来和其他结构一样。

所以，这是对BFR再入过程的真实物理模拟。

所以，它基本上就是像这样进入。

以非常大的攻角。事实上，对普通大众来说，有一件很难理解的事，那就是轨道意味着你正以非常高的速度绕着地球飞驰。

人们。

这有点，这有违直觉，因为人们可能以为，一旦到达某个高度，重力就会消失。事实并非如此。要想升上去并留在那里，你必须以大约25倍音速绕地球运动。

所以事实上，空间站每90分钟绕地球一周。这是一个非常重要的概念，需要理解的是，轨道是，是一个，完全关乎你的速度。相对于地面水平运动，或者说与地面平行，它并不是。它是向上并留在上面，而你之所以需要高度，唯一的原因就是摆脱大气阻力。所以，如果地球没有大气层，你可以在离地面1米、或者说3.28英尺的高度运行轨道，没问题。

嗯，有点冒险，但从技术上说是可行的。

所以，是的，如果你看了那个模拟，其实可能值得再播放一次。

所以你可以看到，如果这是地球，如果这个舞台是地球，它基本上就是像那样进入，然后用整个机身制动，它大概像那样运动并减速，接着像跳伞者一样下落，然后自行摆正，点燃发动机并用翼片着陆，我是说，亲眼看到这一幕会非常壮观。再说一次，看起来肯定会很刺激。

你可以看到，它会以机身在前的姿态下落相当长一段时间。

其实相当平缓。你只是在相当长一段时间里以终端速度下落。非常平缓的下落，就像慢慢飘落，然后它在最后把自己写下来，点燃发动机并着陆。

这非常有违直觉。它不像人们熟悉的任何东西。它不像飞机，也不像。对。

然后显然，如果你要在月球着陆，根本不需要任何气动表面，因为你只要，那里没有，没有错误。你只需要推进器。

所以，BFR接下来的步骤是，我们显然会建造它，或者说我们正在建造它。这是BFR主体圆筒段的照片。所以VFR的直径是9米。它确实相当巨大。你可以，那个，你可以感受到它的尺寸。就像，那是，那个是按比例的。

所以这让你对这个飞行器的，的大小有个概念。相当巨大。

但我们，我们已经在建造它了。所以我们已经造出了第一个圆筒段。所以那就是BFR原型的第一个实际圆筒段。我们很快还会建造，穹顶和发动机段。

然后这是猛禽发动机。

这是将为bfr提供动力的猛禽发动机。飞船和助推器都用同一种发动机。这是一台推力约为200吨的发动机，目标是达到大约300巴或300个大气压的燃烧室压力，而且取决于是否采用高膨胀比，其比冲有可能超过380。

但它是，而且它是一种分级燃烧全流量气气发动机，供那些对技术细节感兴趣的人了解。

就像我真的，这是，我对这个发动机设计真的非常兴奋。我认为SpaceX推进团队在这个发动机设计上做得非常出色，而且，而且SpaceX的结构是一个错误。真的，SpaceX团队在这个，这个的设计上做得非常出色。就像，超级棒。就像，等一下，各位。

我是说，但就像，这个，这是一个难得离谱的问题，而我认为SpaceX工程团队在这个设计上做得非常出色。就像，就像我认为，即使在，在，在航空航天行业，大多数人甚至都不知道该问什么问题。就像，我们花了很长时间，时间，才把问题本身正确地表述出来，但一旦我们能正确地表述问题，答案就，我不会说很容易，但一旦发动机，一旦这个问题能够被精确地表述出来，答案就自然浮现了。

精确地表述那个问题非常困难。

哦，对。所以这是飞行轨迹。所以我们会，对，起飞，进行助推器分离，进入停泊轨道，实施地月转移注入，绕月飞行，然后返回并着陆。

对，那应该需要几天，你知道，基本上大约4或5天

而且

会非常令人兴奋。确实非常令人兴奋。

在载人之前，我们会进行，会进行大量无人试射。需要明确的是，在让任何人登上，登上飞行器之前，对这台飞行器进行全面测试会非常重要。

对，但我等不及了。就像，我对此超级激动。这太不可思议了。

所以，为 VFR 筹集资金无疑是一个关键问题。而且你知道，那确实就是，

你

知道，我们需要寻求，你知道，一切可能的筹资方式。显然，我们有卫星发射业务，也有空间站服务业务。所以，我们已经往返空间站运输货物好几年了。明年，我们将开始往返空间站运送宇航员。

我们正在开发星链全球宽带系统，它也将成为关键的收入来源。但与此同时，私人客户或 BFR 的任何客户都对资助火箭研发有着极大的帮助。

所以。

下面，我想介绍 BFR 的第一位付费客户。

那么，西，请上前来。

好的。

谢谢你，Hiro。谢谢大家。

哇。我来自日本。

我叫 Usage Maezawa。请叫我 M.C.。谢谢。

谢谢。

谢谢。

感谢大家今天来参加这场发布会，也感谢大家今天在互联网上观看直播。好的，我终于可以说了，我可以告诉大家，我选择去月球。

好的，我终于可以说，我非常高兴来到这里，我真的很激动，也真的深感荣幸，真的非常感激能够与大家分享、让这项声明与大家以及全世界的人分享。

在谈论月球和这个项目之前，我想先简单介绍一下自己。好的。嗯。哦，我英语说得不太好。所以请仔细听，拜托了。好的，大家可以看下一张照片。

这是我。我当时在 State Boulder。有人知道这是哪里吗？

不知道。这是圣莫尼卡。耶。是的，我来过这里。我 18 岁时来过洛杉矶圣莫尼卡，当时我是一名滑板手。美国给我留下了深刻印象，还有它的时尚、音乐、艺术和文化。当然，也有像你们这样友善的美国人。人们非常友善。是的。在这里待了 6 个月后，我回到日本，开始做音乐。请放下一张照片。我在乐队里打鼓。我们乐队的音乐非常吵，所以你们不必听。

但我以前是音乐人。离开乐队后，我来创办了自己的公司。请。好的。我的公司是我在 20 年前创办的。所以今年是我公司的 20 周年。

谢谢。

最后，我们创立了自己的私人时尚品牌。它的名字叫 Zozo。Z O。Z O。Zozo 的口号是 P Unique。P Equal。我们每个人都是独一无二的，同时我们又都是平等的。这对我们很重要。好的。大家之后可以查看我们的网站。ZIO0.com，Zozo.com。谢谢。好的，关于我的介绍就到这里。那么，我们来谈谈月球和这个项目。好吗？好的。现在进入今天的主题。你们很多人可能都想知道，我为什么想去月球？

我想到那里做什么？最重要的是，我为什么购买了整艘 BFR？

进入你的 BFR。非常巨大。

对我来说，这个项目非常有意义。我长时间认真思考过，成为首位前往月球的私人乘客会有多大的价值。与此同时，我也思考过自己能如何回馈世界，以及这件事能如何促进世界和平。这是我今天的毕生梦想。谢谢。谢谢。

今天，我想告诉大家我的计划。好的。

从小开始，我就喜欢只是凝望月亮。月亮充满了我的想象。它一直都在那里，也一直在激励着人类。因此，我无法放弃这次近距离观看月球的机会。同时，我也不想独自拥有如此美妙的体验。那会有点孤单。我不喜欢独处。所以，我想和尽可能多的人分享这些体验和事物。

所以，这就是我选择前往月球的原因。我选择与艺术家们一起前往月球。

与艺术家们一起。

从现在起，我选择邀请世界各地的艺术家加入我的旅程。我首先想到的艺术家是。你们知道贾姆·米沙·巴斯奎特吗？知道吗？

如你们所见，我穿着一件印有让-米歇尔·巴斯奎特的 Comedy Garrison T恤。他已经去世了。他是纽约艺术家。有一天，当我凝视他的画作时，我想，如果巴斯奎特曾去过太空，近距离看过月球呢？或者以致敬的方式看过地球呢？他会创作出多么精彩的杰作？

现在只是想想，就让我心跳加速。但一旦开始，我就无法停止思考还有谁，如果毕加索曾去过月球，或者安迪·沃霍尔，或者迈克尔·杰克逊，或者约翰·列侬，或者可可·香奈儿。他们都是我崇拜的艺术家。但遗憾的是，他们已经不在我们身边了。但就在这时，我想到，如今还有这么多艺术家与我们同在，我希望他们为人类、为下一代下一代的孩子创作出令人惊叹的艺术作品。

我非常希望这样的艺术家能够前往太空，近距离观看月球、看到地球的全貌，并创作出反映其体验的作品。这是一个由我设计并打造的项目。Dear Moon，我想介绍一下2023年雅姆鲁姆的细节。作为东道主，我想邀请来自世界各地的6至8位艺术家，与我一同执行这次月球任务。这些艺术家将在返回地球后受邀创作一些作品，而这些杰作将激励我们所有人内心的梦想家。

不用说，我们一直受到月亮的启发。比如贝多芬的《月光奏鸣曲》，我们的梵高的《星夜》，以及披头士乐队的《Mr. Moonlight》。古往今来，世界各地有无数作品受到了月亮的启发。月亮激发了我们的想象力，而怀着对月亮——我们星球永恒的伙伴——最大的爱与敬意，我将这个项目命名为 Dear Moon。

目前，我还没有决定想邀请哪些艺术家，但如果可能，我想联系来自不同领域、代表我们星球的顶尖艺术家，包括画家、雕塑家、摄影师、音乐家、电影导演、时装设计师、建筑师等。幸运的是，距离2023年还有一些时间，所以我希望与 SpaceX 团队非常密切地合作，并亲自研究联系每一位艺术家。

顺便说一句，如果你们收到我的消息，请说愿意并接受我的邀请。拜托。请不要说不。好吗？

无论如何，仍有很多事情是我今天不能宣布的。抱歉。所以我会继续定期提供最新消息。我们还为 dearMoon 创建了一个特别网站，它将在新闻发布会后上线，所以请去看看。

域名将是 diamoon us dearMoon us，请查看；我也会继续在自己的社交媒体账号上发布消息，所以也请关注我的账号。

好的。那么，你们觉得这个项目怎么样？

谢谢，谢谢。

我非常紧张，因为我的英语不好，但我很高兴自己坚持讲完了。谢谢。也希望我的英语没有让你们听得太痛苦。最后，为了概括我刚才试图描述的 Dear Moon，请从现在开始观看视频。

自阿波罗8号于1968年进入月球轨道以来，已经过去50年，平民飞往月球的时刻已经到来。

2023年，SpaceX 将使用其航天器 bfr 发射世界首个私人月球任务。

首位乘客将是日本企业家前泽友作。他是享誉全球的艺术收藏家，相信艺术拥有促进世界和平的力量。前泽作出了一个大胆的决定。

画家、摄影师、音乐家、电影导演、时装设计师，前泽将邀请代表地球的艺术家加入他的月球之旅。

到月球的距离是240,000英里。

乘员将在太空中度过1周。

当他们看到月球时，会有什么感受？当他们看到地球的全貌时，又会创作出什么？他们的作品必将成为人类的遗产。

一个令人敬畏的全球性宇宙艺术项目即将开始。

亲爱的月亮，

非常感谢，也感谢埃隆和 SpaceX 团队让今天成为可能。我非常令人激动。非常感谢。就这些，谢谢。

好了，那么我们可以进行一些问答吗？来听听。抱歉。

好的，很棒。

问题要怎么提？其实我也不确定。

嗨，埃利。我是《纽约时报》的肯·张。哦，好的。那么过去2年里，你看到了这枚火箭的3种设计，而距离你计划把这些人送上月球还有5年。这个设计定下来了吗？你们仍计划明年进行 Hopper 测试吗？你能否再详细介绍一下，你们打算如何规划所有这些测试，以便在2023年准备就绪？你们是否计划执行一次无人绕月往返任务？

是的。所以你一直关注着整个设计进程，事实上也关注着 SpaceX 本身。因此你掌握了相当多的背景信息。我觉得，就 BFR、BFS 的总体架构、架构决策而言，这就是最终的迭代版本。

有几种方式可以。解决这个问题不止一种方式。

而之前的设计，也就是在此之前最多的一次迭代，将着陆腿与控制控制面分离，实际上有6条腿，然后还有2个可驱动的后襟翼。

实际上，我不喜欢那个设计的美感。

所以我们采用了3条可以说是大型的腿，其中2条实际上也是机身襟翼或大型活动机翼。实际上，我认为这个设计可能与另一个不相上下。它或许更好。

从技术上说，它的风险稍高一些，因为着陆腿与可以说是可驱动的翼片襟翼耦合在一起，但我认为这是正确的决定。总体而言，我认为它看起来很漂亮，而且我很喜欢《丁丁历险记》里的火箭设计。所以我有点想让它偏向那种设计。

是的，我认为那就采用 Tinson，然后再进行更多飞行。我们会进行大量试飞。所以我们仍预计明年进行 Hopper 飞行。然后，根据进展是否顺利，我们将在2020年用飞船进行高空、高速飞行，并且并且也开始进行助推器测试。

如果一切顺利，我们可能会在大约2到3年后进行首次轨道飞行，然后在让任何人登船之前，我们会进行许多这样的试飞。

我不确定我们是否真的会测试一次绕月飞行，但在载人飞行之前，我们或许会先尝试无人飞行。这样做会比较明智。

你好，我是日本一家名为 Asahi Shimba 的报纸的 Toshi Ogata。马斯克先生，您选择了一位日本公民作为首位乘客。

是他选择了我们。

什么？

哦，好的。但您的，您的意思是什么，在，在首位乘客是日本公民，而不是美国公民或世界其他地方的人这件事背后。您想通过这项宣布向世界其他地方传达什么信息？

嗯，我认为他是最勇敢、也最愿意这样做的人。而且他是最出色的冒险家。

我认为。

他主动站出来做这件事。需要说明的是，这件事，你知道，实际上，他愿意选择我们，我们深感荣幸。不是我们选择了他。是的，我会把评论交给，你知道，也许你想说几句。但他做这件事非常勇敢，而且因为他支付了很多钱，我们不会披露金额，但他确实支付了很多钱，这将有助于这艘飞船和助推器的开发，而最终，这套系统，也就是 BFR 系统，旨在能够把任何人送入轨道、送往月球和火星。

所以，他最终是在帮助出资，让普通民众能够前往其他星球旅行。这是一件很棒的事。

你知道，我希望这真的会被视为一件非常积极的事，是一件让人们感到兴奋的事。

这很危险。说清楚一点，这很危险。这可不是什么，你知道，轻而易举的事。你知道，这将需要大量训练，而且它，它并不是。再说一次，这就像，你知道，当你在开拓前沿时，它并不是十拿九稳的。你知道，它，它不像只是搭乘航班去某个地方。

有一定可能会出问题。

你知道，我们会尽一切所能把这种可能性降到最低。但每当某项新技术的某个东西进行首次飞行，而且我们谈论的是深空时，你必须是一个非常勇敢的人才能去做。这并非不是什么小事。

来自 ABC 新闻的 David Curley。两个简短的问题。根本不知道麦克风是从哪个方向递过来的。抱歉。

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All right, let's see what can you get me. Okay, so you can. Great. Well, welcome. We're incredibly excited to talk more about the BFR rocket and announce the first private astronaut, first a private citizen that's going to go into space. And I'm going to start off with just talking about VFR and you know, kind of how we got to this point.

So the purpose of SpaceX, the reason for the, for creating SpaceX was to accelerate the advent of humanity, becoming a space faring civilization, to help advance rocket technology to the point where we could potentially become a multi planet species and a true space faring civilization. So as we consider sort of the fossil record, the history of civilization, it's important to bear in mind like there could be some natural event or some man made event that ends civilization as we know it and or in life as we know it.

And so it's important that we try to become a multi planet civilization, extend life beyond Earth and to do so as quickly as we can. That window of opportunity may be open for a long time, or it may be open for a short time, but we should not assume that it is open for a long time. We should take action and become a multi planet civilization as soon as possible.

That's kind of like the defensive reason I do want to emphasize it's multi planetary, not single planet, but somewhere else. We want to become a multi planet civilization, have life on Mars moon, maybe Venus, the moon's Jupiter throughout the solar system and then ultimately extend life beyond the solar system to other star systems. I think that's the future that's incredibly exciting. I think that's the future that we want.

And you know, there's, there's so many things that make people sad or depressed about the future, but I think becoming a spacefaring civilization is one of those things that makes you excited about the future, makes you excited to get up in the morning. Like this is something that you can look forward to, that makes you glad to be a human being.

I hope that people will see it that way. That is the intent of BFR is to make people excited about the future.

So this is sort of an illustration of what it'd be like on Mars.

Mars base and when I talk about it will show you like this is where we were 10 years ago. So we're almost at the 10th anniversary of SpaceX's first flight to orbit. So that was 2008.

Yeah, September 2008, first time we made orbit, and we had three attempts before that that did not succeed.

So we, so we'd had three attempts to reach orbit, and then the fourth one, the fourth attempt, reached orbit in September 2008. And if we had not reached orbit on that attempt, the SpaceX would no longer would not exist. So that was the fourth and final possibility of reaching orbit. That was a very, very tough launch, emotional.

But fortunately that launch did make it to orbit. And then not long after that, we won our first really major NASA contract or won the Space Station servicing contract. And those are two things that were instrumental in SpaceX's success.

Then that brings us to where we were earlier this year, which was the launch of Falcon Heavy. So we went from Falcon 1, being just a little rocket that could launch only half a ton to low Earth orbit and had no reusability, to Falcon Heavy, which is the most powerful rocket in the world by a factor of two, with enough payload to orbit capability to put a fully loaded 737 passengers, Pool passengers, fuel and luggage into orbit.

And we're able to launch sort of a fun payload, which is, you know, a Tesla Roadster with sort of a Starman mannequin to Mars orbit. So we able to launch eight quite a heavy payload to Mars orbit and bring the two side boosters back and land them back at Cape Canaveral.

The center core didn't land successfully, but we'll be able to do that, we think, in a subsequent launch. But it was a massive change over the course of 10 years to go from just barely being able to get to orbit to the most powerful launch vehicle in the world by a factor of two to have a full reusability of the, of the boost stage.

We've now done missions where there's, we've launched the boost stage several times, which is like quite, quite great. And then we've been able to refly our Dragon spacecraft. So it's an enormous change over the course of 10 years. And I think there would be. If you say, like, okay, how many people predicted in 2008 that SpaceX would have done these things by 2018? I think zero. That's my, I think zero. Like, I'm not sure it's zero, but I'm, I'm not aware of anyone who had made that prediction, including me, by the way, I would have said this is unlikely.

Nonetheless, in 10 years, go from tiny rockets barely making it to orbit to world's biggest rocket by far, with reusable boost stages and sending a car To Mars.

A lot of people don't understand like why we sent a car to Mars. Obviously that's a bit confusing. Why would you send a car to Mars? That's bizarre. But the real reason was we want to just have something that was, was fun and that people could identify with. And normally when a company creates a new rocket, they like just launch like a slab of concrete or something. I was like, well, that's pretty boring. So we wanted something that was, that was fun and that felt like you could maybe be there.

And that was like the reasoning behind the car and the astronauts north in the car.

That was a tribute to David Bowie and the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and a few other things. And there's also the Asimov foundation series etched in glass in the glove compartment. So that's. In fact Asimov's foundation series is a key inspiration for SpaceX.

So just an update on vfr itself.

So the design, the production design of BFR is different in some important ways from what I presented about a year ago.

Overall, it is 118 meters long. The payload is still similar. It's about 100 metric tons. That's 100 metric tons to, well, actually technically 100 metric tons to all the way to Mars because of orbital refueling, orbital retanking. So BFR is able to, is likely to be able to take 100 tons of all the way to the surface of Mars or to any, well, surface of Mars, maybe Ceres. But. But if you have a propellant depot on Mars, you're able to get from Mars to the asteroid belt to the moons of Jupiter and kind of like planet moon hop all the way to the outer solar system.

So BFR is really intended as an interplanetary transportation transport system that's capable of getting from Earth to anywhere in the solar system as you establish propellant depots along the way.

Yeah, so we've increased the payload section to be over 1,000 cubic meters. I think it'll probably end up being probably something around 1100 cubic meters.

There are forward actuated fins and rear actuated fins. The way that BFR flies is somewhat counterintuitive. If you apply your sort of normal intuition, it will not make sense.

I'll try to illustrate that in this presentation.

So there's the two forward actuated flaps and then there are two rear actuated wings or fins or flaps, depending on what. They're not exactly comparable to anything else out there.

But you kind of want, you kind of want four control surfaces to be able to control the vehicle through a wide range of atmospheric densities and velocities.

So the

way it operates is kind of more like a skydiver than an aircraft.

Almost the entire time when it's reentering, it is just trying to, to break, it's just trying to stop. So it's, it's doing everything it can to shed velocity while distributing that force over the most amount of surface area possible.

So the two of the three rear fins actuate. They're like giant wings. Actually requires an enormous amount of force to move those, to move those wings. Sort of in the Meganewton class of force.

The third fin or wing like structure is actually does not actuate and it is not a vertical stabilizer as may appear. It is actually just a leg. So during the high velocity portion of entry, it's in the lee of the wind and, and it really doesn't have any aerodynamic purpose and it's really just a leg. It looks the same as the other ones for purposes of the symmetry.

So this is a true physics simulation of BFR re entering.

So it is mostly just coming in like this.

At a very high angle of attack. In fact, one of the things that for the general public is a tricky thing to understand is that orbit means you are zooming around the Earth at a very high speed.

People.

It's slightly, it's counterintuitive where people think perhaps once you get to a certain altitude, gravity turns off. This is not the case. In order to go up and stay up, you have to move around the earth at approximately 25 times the speed of sound.

So in fact, the space station is circling the Earth every 90 minutes. This is a very important concept to understand that orbit is, is a, is entirely about your speed. Horizontal to the ground or parallel to the ground, it isn't. It is going up and staying up is the only reason you need altitude at all is to get out of atmospheric drag. So if Earth didn't have an atmosphere, you could orbit 1 meter or like 3.28ft above the ground, no problem.

Well, a little dodgy, but it's technically possible.

So yeah, if you looked at that simulation, it might be worth playing that again, actually.

So you can see it's basically coming in if this is the Earth, if this stage is the Earth, it's coming in like that and it's just using its entire body to brake and it sort of goes like that and slows down and then it falls like a skydiver and then it rights itself, fires the engine and lands on the fins I mean this will look really epic in person. Again, looks like guaranteed to be exciting.

You can see it sort of falling body first for quite a while.

It's really quite gentle. You're just sort of falling at terminal velocity for quite a long time. Very gentle fall, just sort of like floating down and then it writes itself at the end, fires the engines and lands.

It's very counterintuitive. It's not like anything that people are familiar with. It's not like an airplane or. Yeah.

And then obviously if you're landing on the moon, you don't need any aerodynamic surfaces at all because you just, there's no, no error. You just need thrusters.

So the next steps with BFR are we're obviously we're going to build it or we are building it. This is a picture of the main cylinder section of BFR. So VFR is 9 meters in diameter. It's really quite enormous. You can, that, you can get a sense of scale. Like that is the, that's to scale.

So that gives you a sense of, of the size of the vehicle. Quite enormous.

But we are, we're already building it. So we've built the first cylinder section. So that's the first actual cylinder section of the BFR prototype. And we'll be building the, the domes and the engine section soon.

And then this is the Raptor engine.

This is the Raptor engine that will power bfr. Both the ship and the booster, it's the same engine. And this is approximately a 200 ton thrust engine that's aiming for roughly 300 bar or 300 atmosphere chamber pressure and depending upon if you have it at a high expansion ratio, has the potential to be having a specific impulse above 380.

But it's, and it's a stage combustion full flow gas gas for those who are interested in technical details.

Like I really, this is, I'm really excited about this engine design. I think the SpaceX propulsion team has done an amazing job on this engine design and, and the SpaceX structure is an error. Like really, SpaceX team has done a phenomenal job in design of this, of this. It's like super great. Like hold on guys.

I mean, But like this is, this is a stupidly hard problem and SpaceX engineering has I think done a great job with this design. It's like, like I don't think most people even in, in the, in the aerospace industry like know what question to ask. Like it took us a long time, time to even frame the question correctly, but once we could frame the question correctly the answer was, I wouldn't say easy, but the answer flowed once the engine, once the question could be framed with precision.

Framing that question with precision was very difficult.

Oh yeah. So this is the trajectory. So we'll, yeah, take off to have booster separation, going to parking orbits, do a translunar injection fly around the moon and then come back and land.

Yeah, that should take a few, you know, basically about four or five days

and

be very exciting. Very exciting indeed.

We'll do, we'll do a bunch of test launches without any people on board before having people on board. To be clear, it's going to be very important to test this vehicle thoroughly before putting anyone on, on board.

Yeah, but I can't wait. Like, I'm super fired up about this. This is amazing.

So funding VFR is definitely a key question. And you know, that's really where,

you

know, we need to seek, you know, every possible means of funding. Obviously we've got launching of satellites, we've got servicing the space station. So we've been transporting cargo to and from the space station for several years now. And next year we'll start transporting astronauts to and from the space station.

We've got the Starlink global broadband system that we're developing, which will also be at key source revenue. But then private customers or any customers for BFR are incredibly helpful in funding the development of the rocket.

So.

That's where I'd like to introduce the first paying customer of bfr.

So see would please come forward.

Yeah.

Thank you, Hiro. Thank you everyone.

Wow. I am from Japan.

My name is Usage Maezawa. You can call me M.C. please. Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Thanks for coming to this conference today and thanks for watching live streaming in the Internet today. Yeah, finally I can say, I can tell you that I choose to go to the moon.

Yeah, finally I can say I'm very glad to be here and I really exciting and really honored, really appreciate to be able to share with, to be shared this announcement with you and people all over the world.

Before talking about the moon and this project, I'd like to introduce myself a little bit. Okay. Yeah. Oh, I cannot speak English very well. So please listen carefully, please. Yeah, You can see next photo.

This is me. I was at State Boulder. And does anyone know where this is?

No. This is Santa Monica. Yay. Yeah, I had been here. I had been Santa Monica Los Angeles when I was 18 years old and I was skateboarder. I was so impressed by America, its fashion, music, art and culture. And of course nice people like you kind American people. People is very kind. Yes. And after six months of staying here, I returned back to Japan and started music. Next photo please. I played drums for the band. Our band music is so loud so you don't have to listen to.

But I was ex musician. And after the band I came started my own company. Please. Yes. My company is founded 20 years ago by me. So this year my company's 20th anniversary.

Thank you.

And finally we started our private fashion label. That name is Zozo. Z O. Z O. And the Zozo slogan is P Unique. P Equal. We are all unique at the same time. We are all equal. It's important for us. Yeah. You can check our website. ZIO0.com Zozo.com later. Thank you. Okay, that's all about me. So let's move talking about the moon and this project. Okay? Yeah. Now onto the main topic of the day. Many of you may be wondering, why do I want to go to the moon?

What do I want to do there? And most of all, why did I purchase the entire bfr?

Enter your bfr. Very huge.

For me, this project is very meaningful. I thought long and hard about how valuable it would be become the first private passenger to go to the moon. At the same time, I thought about how I can give back to the world and how this can contribute to world peace. This is my lifelong dream today. Thank you. Thank you.

Today I'd like to tell you about my plans. Okay.

Ever since I was a kid, I have loved the moon just staring. The moon filled my imagination. It's always there and has continued to inspire humanity. That is why I could not pass up this opportunity to see the moon up close. And at the same time, I did not want to have such a fantastic experience by myself. That would be a little lonely. I don't like being alone. So I want to share these experiences and things with as many people as possible.

So that is why I choose to go to the moon. I choose to go to the moon with artists.

With artists.

From now, I choose to invite artists from around the world on my journey. The first artist I thought of was. Do you know Jam Misha Basquiat? You know?

As you can see, I am wearing a Comedy Garrison T shirt featuring Jean Michel Basquiat. He already passed away. He's New York artist. One day when I was staring at his painting, I thought, what if Basquiat had gone to space and had seen the moon up close? Or saw the earth in tribute? What wonderful masterpiece would he have created?

Just thinking about it now gets my Heart racing. But once I got started, I could not stop thinking about who else but if Picasso had gone to the moon, or Andy Warhol, or Michael Jackson, or John Lennon or Coco Chanel. These are all artists that I adore. But sadly they are no longer with us. But this is when I thought there are so many artists with us today that I wish to create amazing works of art for humankind, for children of the next generation generation.

And I wished very much that such artists could go to space, see the moon up close and the Earth in full view and create works that reflect their experience. This is a project that I designed and made. Dear Moon, I'd like to introduce details about Yamroom in 2023. As a host, I'd like to invite six to eight artists from around the world to join me on this mission to the Moon. These artists will be asked to create something after they return to Earth and these masterpieces will inspire the dreamer within all of us.

Needless to say, we have always been inspired by the Moon. Take for example Beethoven, Moonlight Sonata, our Van Gogh, the Starry Night and the Beatles. Mr. Moonlight. These are countless number of works that have been inspired the Moon all around the world through the ages. The Moon has fueled our imagination and with utmost love and respect for the Moon, our planet's constant partner, I named this project Dear Moon.

At the moment, I have not decided which artists I'd like to invite, but if possible, I would like to reach out to top artists that represent our planet from various spheres, including painters, sculptors, photographers, musicians, film directors, fashion designers, architects, etc. Luckily, we still have some time before 2023, so I hope to work very closely with SpaceX team and to research out to each artist personally.

By the way, if you should hear from me, please say yes and accept my invitation. Please. Please don't say no. Okay?

In any case, there is still a lot that I cannot announce today. Sorry. So I will continue to provide regular updates. We have also created a special website for dearMoon which will go live after the press conference, so please take a look.

Domain will be diamoon us dearMoon us please check out and I will also keep posting on my social media accounts, so please follow my accounts as well.

Okay. So what did you think about this project?

Thank you, thank you.

I was so nervous because my English is poor, but I am glad I got through it. Thank you. And I hope my English was not too painful to you to listen to. Lastly, to give you a summary of what I just tried to describe about the Dear Moon you can see the video from now, please.

It has been 50 years since Apollo 8 achieved lunar orbit in 1968, the time has come for civilians to fly to the moon.

In 2023, SpaceX will launch the world's first private lunar mission with its spacecraft bfr.

The first passenger will be Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa, a globally renowned art collector who believes art has the power to promote world peace. Maezawa made a bold decision.

A painter, photographer, musician, film director, fashion designer, Maezawa will invite artists that represent Earth on his journey to the moon.

The distance to the moon is 240,000 miles.

The crew will spend a week in space.

What will they feel when they see the moon? When they see Earth in full view, and what will they create? Their works will certainly become a legacy for humankind.

An awe inspiring global universal art project is about to begin.

Dear moon,

Thank you very much and thank you, elon and the SpaceX team for making today possible. I'm very exciting. Thank you very much. That's all, thank you.

All right, so can we do some Q and A? Let's hear. Sorry.

Yeah, great.

How did the questions get asked? I'm not actually sure.

Hi, Eli. Ken Chang from New York Times. Oh, okay. So in the past two years you've seen three designs for this rocket and it's five years before you plan to send these people to the moon. Have you finalized this? Are you still planning the Hopper test next year? And could you sort of give more details of how you plan all these tests to be ready in 2023? Are you planning an uncrewed mission to the moon and back?

Yeah. So you followed the whole progress of the design and indeed of SpaceX itself. So you've got quite a lot of background. This, I feel like this is the final iteration in terms of broad architecture, architectural decisions for bfr, bfs.

There are a few ways to. There's more than one way to solve this problem.

And the prior design, the most iteration before this decoupled the landing legs from the control control surfaces and had essentially six legs and then two actuating rear flaps.

I actually did not like the aesthetics of that design.

And so we have the three sort of large legs with two of them actually as body flaps or large moving wings. Effectively, I think this design is probably on par with the other one. It might be better.

It's slightly riskier technically because of the coupling legs and sort of the actuating wing fin flaps, but I think it's the right decision. Overall, I think it looks beautiful and I love the tintin rocket design. So I kind of wanted to bias it towards that.

Yeah, I think that go with Tinson and then additional flights. We're going to do a lot of test flights. So we still anticipate doing hopper flights next year. And then depending upon how well this go, we'll do high altitude, high velocity flights with the ship in 2020 and and also start doing tests of the booster.

And if things go well, we could be doing the first orbital flights in about two to three years and then we'll do many such test flights before putting any people on board.

I'm not sure if we will actually test a flight around the moon or not, but probably we will try to do that without people before sending people. That would be wise.

Hi, I'm Toshi Ogata from the Japanese newspaper called Asahi Shimba. Mr. Musk, you chose a Japanese citizen for the first passenger.

He chose us.

What?

Oh, okay. But what's your, what's your message behind, behind that you the first passenger was Japanese citizen instead of US citizen or the rest of the world. What's your message to the rest of the world through this announcement?

Well, he is I think the bravest person and most willing to do so. And he was the best adventurer.

I think.

He stepped forward to do it. To be clear, this is, you know, it's really, we're honored that he would choose us. This is not us choosing him. Yeah, I would defer to comments, you know, maybe you'd like to make some comments. But he's a very brave person to do this and because he is paying a lot of money, we're not disclosing the amount, but he is paying a lot of money that will help with the development of this ship and booster and ultimately this system, BFR system, is intended to be able to carry anyone to orbit and to the moon and to Mars.

And so he is ultimately helping pay for the average citizen to be able to travel to other planets. It's a great thing.

You know, I hope this is really seen as a very positive thing and something that people are excited about.

It's dangerous. To be clear, this is dangerous. This is no, you know, walk in the park here. You know, this will require a lot of training and it's, it's not. Again, it's like, you know, when you're pushing the frontier, it's not a sure thing. You know, it's, it's not like just taking an air flight somewhere.

There's some chance that something could go wrong.

You know, we'll do everything we can to minimize that. But whenever it's the first flight of something on a new technology and we're talking about deep space, you have to be a very brave person to do that. This is not no small matter.

David Curley from ABC News. Two quick questions. It's impossible to know where the mic's coming from. Sorry.